{
  "abstract": "Balancing nitrogen (N) productivity with environmental sustainability is critical in flooded rice systems, where N losses are substantial. Rice straw, a major agricultural waste, can be converted into biochar to improve nutrient retention and yield. This study compared four treatments in a continuously flooded tropical paddy field: an unfertilized control, chemical fertilizer (CF), rice straw with CF (RS + CF), and rice straw-derived biochar with CF (BC + CF). We quantified major N-loss pathways, agronomic efficiency of applied N (NAE), and N gas-related global warming potential (GWPN). The results indicate that BC + CF reduced total N loss to 33% of total N input, compared with 38% under RS + CF and 43% under CF. Compared with CF, BC + CF significantly reduced NH4 +–N leaching, NH3 volatilization, and N2O emissions through enhanced soil cation exchange capacity and mineral N retention. In contrast, RS + CF significantly increased NH4 +–N leaching but significantly reduced NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions. Both RS + CF and BC + CF significantly reduced GWPN relative to CF, while BC + CF achieved the highest grain yield and NAE. These findings demonstrate that the co-application of rice straw-derived biochar with chemical fertilizer is a promising strategy for mitigating N losses and improving agronomic efficiency in flooded rice systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University",
    "Prachin Buri Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives",
    "Program on System Approaches in Agriculture for Sustainable Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University",
    "The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Saowalak Somboon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Benjamas Rossopa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sujitra Yodda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Phrueksa Lawongsa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Amnat Chidthaisong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tanabhat-Sakorn Sukitprapanon"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3ngsctxsh69pw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-67235-0",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67235-0",
  "id": "3ngsctxsh69pw",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67235-0",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1111|Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7203570859",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-67235-0_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3ngsctxsh69pw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:53Z",
      "native_id": "4d947da8ffb54710bcaa0ada17daa5ce",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67235-0"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1111|Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of biochar co-application with urea on nitrogen losses, rice yield, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in rice production system",
  "title_text": "Effects of biochar co-application with urea on nitrogen losses, rice yield, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in rice production system",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3ngsctxsh69pw",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}