{
  "abstract": "Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction and preferences for portable versus table-mounted visual field (VF) devices in a rural telemedicine setting and identify influencing factors. Methods: We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed methods study at three Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) within the Alabama Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and eye Health through Telemedicine (AL-SIGHT) study. Participants completed VF testing with table-mounted Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), tablet-based Melbourne Rapid Fields (MRF), and virtual reality (VR)-based VisuALL perimeters. Participants rated satisfaction, comfort, ease of use, and future testing preference. Chi-square tests assessed differences in device preferences. Twelve participants completed semi-structured interviews to explore reasons underlying preferences. Qualitative data were analyzed in NVivo 14 using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Among 271 respondents (mean age 60.4 years; 62.4% women), 50.6% preferred VR-based, 35.1% tablet-based, and 14.4% table-mounted for future testing (χ2 (2) = 53.52, p < 0.001, Cramér’s V = 0.31). Satisfaction was highest for VR-based (56.9% very satisfied), followed by tablet-based (49.4%), and HFA (38.0%). VR-based perimeter was most frequently selected as the most comfortable (55.7%; χ2 (2) = 63.33, p < 0.001, V = 0.34) and easiest to use (54.6%; χ2 (2) = 71.96, p < 0.001, V = 0.36). Preferences did not vary significantly across demographic variables (all p > 0.05). Qualitative themes identified four key drivers: comfort and physical experience, visual experience, ease of use and interaction, and psychological and motivational factors. Portability and community suitability were valued. Conclusion: Rural underserved patients strongly preferred portable visual field devices, particularly VR-based, over table-mounted HFA. Comfort, ergonomic flexibility, immersive visual experience, and simplicity of interaction were central determinants of preference. Portable perimetry may enhance patient-centered glaucoma monitoring within telemedicine programs and access in resource-limited settings.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Vision Science Graduate Program, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.",
    "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.",
    "Viterbi Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America.",
    "Department of Health Policy and Organization, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America."
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ellen K Antwi-Adjei",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3291-8492"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sourav Datta",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7604-8444"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Christopher A Girkin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cynthia Owsley",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3424-011X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lindsay A Rhodes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Matthew Fifolt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lyne Racette",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4550-124X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pbqkx5jtz2wx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0348821",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704803",
  "id": "3pbqkx5jtz2wx",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0348821",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Glaucoma and retinal disorders"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Head/Eyes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Ocular system/Eyes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Sensory perception/Vision"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Computer architecture/User interfaces/Virtual reality"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Electronics engineering/Computer engineering/Man-computer interface/Virtual reality"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Human factors engineering/Ergonomics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Head/Eyes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Ocular system/Eyes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Medical services/Telemedicine"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Eye diseases/Glaucoma"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Ophthalmology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Ophthalmology/Eye diseases/Glaucoma"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Research design/Qualitative studies"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223668115",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704803?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704803",
  "pmid": "42932371",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pbqkx5jtz2wx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0348821",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0348821"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:51Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42932371",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42932371"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Patient preferences for portable versus table-mounted visual field devices in rural Alabama: A mixed methods study within a telemedicine setting",
  "title_text": "Patient preferences for portable versus table-mounted visual field devices in rural Alabama: A mixed methods study within a telemedicine setting",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pbqkx5jtz2wx",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}