{
  "abstract": "In $\\mathsf{QMA}(2)$, two computationally unbounded provers submit unentangled quantum witnesses to a polynomial-time quantum verifier. We ask whether allowing limited shared entanglement between the two provers changes the power of $\\mathsf{QMA}(2)$. To this end, we formalize $\\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)$, a variant in which the provers initially share $h$ EPR pairs, as suggested by Aaronson, Beigi, Drucker, Fefferman, and Shor (ToC~2009). We show that polynomially many shared EPR pairs give the provers no cheating advantage: $\\mathsf{QMA}(2)\\subseteq\\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)$ for $h=\\operatorname{poly}(n)$. For logarithmically many pairs, the power of $\\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ remains unchanged, strengthening this inclusion to $\\mathsf{QMA}(2)=\\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)$ for $h=O(\\log n)$. Finally, we introduce a variant that also allows classical communication between the provers when preparing the witnesses. This setting is particularly revealing for logarithmic-size witnesses: assuming $\\mathsf{NP}\\nsubseteq\\mathsf{BQP}$, we show that superlogarithmically many shared EPR pairs strictly reduce the model's computational power.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.39668",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Alex Della Schiava"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ranitha Mataraarachchi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pswh3y0pz16h.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.39668",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3pswh3y0pz16h",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39668",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.CC"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215027818",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.39668",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pswh3y0pz16h.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:31Z",
      "native_id": "2609.39668",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39668"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "QMA(2) with Limited Shared Entanglement",
  "title_text": "QMA(2) with Limited Shared Entanglement",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pswh3y0pz16h",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}