{
  "abstract": "Hot flashes are a common vasomotor symptom (VMS) experienced by postmenopausal women. In rodents, VMS-like symptoms can be assessed by monitoring tail skin temperature (TST), which reflects thermoregulatory changes. However, because the TST is highly sensitive to handling and environmental stresses, a reliable assessment requires continuous monitoring under low-stress and unrestrained conditions. In this study, we established a monitoring system for aged Wistar rats and evaluated hot flash-like symptoms using a within-subjects design across four physiological states: intact, ovariectomized (OVX), 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment, and E2 withdrawal. E2 treatment significantly decreased dark-phase TST (26.63 ± 0.26°C) compared with OVX (29.39 ± 0.18°C), and this effect was reversed upon pellet removal. We also quantified ΔTST, defined as the difference between light- and dark-phase TST, and found that E2 treatment markedly increased ΔTST, indicating an estrogen-dependent restoration of circadian TST amplitude. Because aged rats exhibit irregular estrous cycles and reduced ovarian steroidogenesis, yet remain underutilized in VMS research, this model provides a physiologically relevant platform for studying menopausal vasomotor dysfunction. By repeatedly monitoring the same individuals, inter-individual variability is minimized and reliable detection of within-subject changes is achieved with a small number of animals. These findings demonstrate that our method enables reliable long-term TST monitoring under unrestrained conditions and offers a practical and validated approach for investigating the pathophysiology of menopausal vasomotor dysfunction and for screening candidate compounds targeting hot flash-like symptoms in rodents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yoshinori Okamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Akira Aoki"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shinya Shibutani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hideto Jinno"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pt5wn0v7qp52.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1248/bpb.b25-00821",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/7/49_b25-00821/_article",
  "id": "3pt5wn0v7qp52",
  "issns": [
    "1347-5215",
    "0918-6158"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/7/49_b25-00821/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "medicine/pharmacology-toxicology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167639613",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/7/49_b25-00821/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pt5wn0v7qp52.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:32Z",
      "native_id": "10.1248/bpb.b25-00821",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/7/49_b25-00821/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Within-Subject Model of Hot Flash-Like Symptoms in Aged Rats",
  "title_text": "A Within-Subject Model of Hot Flash-Like Symptoms in Aged Rats",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3pt5wn0v7qp52",
  "venue": "Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
  "versions": []
}