{
  "abstract": "The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), a G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed on immune cells, has emerged as an important regulator linking sympathetic activation with inflammatory responses during myocardial injury. Beyond its established cardiovascular functions, β2-AR orchestrates immune cell migration, polarization, cytokine production, and efferocytosis, thereby shaping the initiation, resolution, and repair phases of cardiac inflammation. Recent studies have identified several immune-specific mechanisms through which β2-AR regulates leukocyte trafficking via the VCAM-1 and CCR2 axes, influences Annexin A1-dependent efferocytosis, and undergoes functional reprogramming through GRK2- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling. These mechanisms highlight the dynamic and context-dependent nature of immune β2-AR signaling, while also helping to explain why therapeutic modulation of this pathway has shown inconsistent clinical efficacy despite encouraging experimental findings. Current therapeutic strategies include selective β-blockade and GRK2-targeted interventions, whereas emerging approaches such as immune cell-specific β2-AR restoration, βARKct gene delivery, and biomaterial-based pro-resolving therapies remain at the preclinical stage. This review summarizes the expression patterns, signaling mechanisms, and immunoregulatory functions of β2-AR in immune cells, discusses its context-dependent roles across myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure, and highlights current translational challenges and future opportunities for precision immunomodulation targeting immune cell β2-AR signaling.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University",
    "Shandong First Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolin Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lin Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weizhong Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yan Hao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3q05q0mx0nb2d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1976748",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3q05q0mx0nb2d",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1976748/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223704434",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1976748/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3q05q0mx0nb2d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1976748",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1976748/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immune cell β2-adrenergic receptor signaling in myocardial injury: from neuroimmune crosstalk to precision immunomodulation",
  "title_text": "Immune cell β2-adrenergic receptor signaling in myocardial injury: from neuroimmune crosstalk to precision immunomodulation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3q05q0mx0nb2d",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}