{
  "abstract": "Renewable functional materials, derived from sustainable sources, enhance protection, functionality, and performance. These materials are crucial for addressing environmental issues and fostering sustainable practices. This study reports the sustainable, synthesis of bismuth iron oxide (BiFeO 3 ) nanostructures using watermelon seeds waste as an organic additive (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g 0.4 g and 0.5 g) via a sol-gel method. The synthesized nanomaterials were optimized as dual-functional platforms for the photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye and supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the phase purity of the rhombohedral BiFeO 3 structure. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the characteristic broad bands corresponding to the Fe–O stretching vibration along the axis and the bending vibration mode within the FeO 6 octahedral unit. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed the formation of rod like- structure. The specific surface area is calculated ~ 22.676 m²/g using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Photocatalytic evaluations demonstrated excellent catalytic efficiency (96.6%) under sunlight against crystal violet. This enhanced activity is attributed to the high surface area and abundant reactive sites offered by the nanorods morphology, obeying pseudo-first-order kinetics (R 2 = 0.9895, k = 0.03887 min −1 . Furthermore, electrochemical evaluations via cyclic voltammetry (CV) verified the pseudocapacitive behavior of all samples. These findings highlight the potential of watermelon-assisted synthesis for developing high-performance, cost-effective, and multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and energy storage.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, Government College Women University Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan",
    "Department of Physics, Government College Women University Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan; Corresponding author.",
    "Department of Physics, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan",
    "Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan",
    "Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan",
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan",
    "Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan",
    "Public Health Engineering Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan",
    "Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tabinda Afzal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mahwish Bashir"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amina Zahid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Waqar Ahmad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Hamza Sardar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Sana Shamim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sadia Nasreen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Musaab Habib Bangash"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Mohd Saleh Al Ansari"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3qqdgxy1gp794.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101989",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398626003632",
  "id": "3qqdgxy1gp794",
  "issns": [
    "1944-3986",
    "1944-3994"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101989",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QH540-549.5"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TD1-1066"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2105|Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221773195",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3qqdgxy1gp794.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:59Z",
      "native_id": "ec8eee418f5d4239a136924f7a6bb4d2",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101989"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "lcc:QH540-549.5",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    },
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "lcc:TD1-1066",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    },
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Watermelon seeds-mediated synthesis of bismuth iron oxide nanostructures for water treatment and energy storage applications",
  "title_text": "Watermelon seeds-mediated synthesis of bismuth iron oxide nanostructures for water treatment and energy storage applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3qqdgxy1gp794",
  "venue": "Desalination and Water Treatment",
  "versions": []
}