{
  "abstract": "Several species rely on mechanisms to resolve conflicts and reduce their negative consequences, including reconciliation and third-party affiliation (i.e. post-conflict affiliative interactions between victims and aggressors, and between victims and third parties, respectively). Here, we studied reconciliation and third-party affiliation in two groups of wolves (n = 20) and three groups of wolves introgressed with dogs (i.e. second- or later-generation backcrosses of wolf-dog hybrids to wolves; n = 13), in captivity. We conducted behavioural observations of post-conflict affiliative interactions using continuous focal sampling for 2 minutes following an aggression, and during matched-control periods. Our results showed that both admixed and non-admixed wolves engaged in post-conflict affiliation consistent with reconciliation and third-party affiliation. Although we found no evidence that admixed wolves showed lower reconciliation or third-party affiliation than non-admixed wolves, social factors had different modulatory effects in admixed and non-admixed wolves. In particular, stronger social bonds promoted post-conflict affiliation in non-admixed wolves, whereas greater rank distance was associated with higher post-conflict affiliation in admixed wolves. Moreover, post-conflict affiliation was more likely following high-intensity aggression in both admixed and non-admixed wolves, and after unidirectional conflicts in the latter. These findings indicate that dog introgression may influence post-conflict behaviour in wolves and suggest that, while both admixed and non-admixed wolves engage in post-conflict affiliation, the mechanisms underlying them may partially differ.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 1 , Leipzig, Saxony, Germany",
    "University of Leipzig Faculty of Life Sciences 2 , Leipzig, Saxony, Germany",
    "Osnabrück University 3 , Osnabrück, Niedersachsen, Germany",
    "Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, University of Rome La Sapienza 4 , Rome, Lazio, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Federica Amici",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3539-1067"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Katja Liebal",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2447-8327"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Linda S. Oña"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Arne Gretschzel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tina Altdörfer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mattia Iacuzzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "George Kamanga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manon Delaunay"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Ciucci"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3qx90gkdmzyd4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1098/rsos.260767",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682872",
  "id": "3qx90gkdmzyd4",
  "issns": [
    "2054-5703"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/260767/483798/Differences-in-post-conflict-behaviour-in-wolves",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1311|Human-Animal Interaction Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223034696",
  "pdf_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.260767/6172357/rsos.260767.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13682872",
  "pmid": "42904286",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "The Royal Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3qx90gkdmzyd4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.1098/rsos.260767",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/260767/483798/Differences-in-post-conflict-behaviour-in-wolves"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42904286",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904286"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1311|Human-Animal Interaction Studies",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Differences in post-conflict behaviour in wolves and dog-admixed wolves",
  "title_text": "Differences in post-conflict behaviour in wolves and dog-admixed wolves",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3qx90gkdmzyd4",
  "venue": "Royal Society Open Science",
  "versions": []
}