{
  "abstract": "This study presents the design and evaluation of a physical-digital learning environment for teaching rotational motion transmission in introductory engineering education. The environment integrates SimulaGear, an interactive digital simulation for analyzing gear systems, with a physical-IoT experimental system composed of a 3D-printed gear mechanism, infrared sensors, ESP32-based data acquisition, Message Queuing Telemetry Transport communication, and real-time visualization through Node-RED dashboards. A quasiexperimental pretest-post-test design was implemented with 37 first-year engineering students enrolled in introductory physics courses. The control group worked exclusively with the SimulaGear digital simulation, whereas the experimental group participated in a physicaldigital experience that combined SimulaGear with the physical-IoT experimental system. Conceptual understanding, student engagement, and technology acceptance were evaluated using a conceptual test, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students, and a survey based on the technology acceptance model. Results showed that both groups improved their conceptual understanding after the intervention, with the group that used the physical-digital system showing a specific significant improvement in transmission ratios in multiple-gear systems. In addition, the physical-digital experience produced significant gains in vigor and overall engagement, while the digital-only experience did not show significant changes in engagement. Technology acceptance was high in both groups, but significantly higher in the experimental group. These findings suggest that integrating physical-IoT systems with digital simulations can strengthen students’ engagement and technology acceptance while supporting the interpretation of complex mechanical configurations through the comparison of theoretical predictions and real-time experimental data.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Amado-Moranchel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudia Hernandez-Mena"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gibran Sayeg-Sanchez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isaac Juarez-Acosta"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3r0jrhstmcx84.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1103/gddt-c1n3",
  "fulltext_url": "http://doi.org/10.1103/gddt-c1n3",
  "id": "3r0jrhstmcx84",
  "issns": [
    "2469-9896"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/gddt-c1n3",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "LC8-6691"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "QC1-999"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2214|Experimental Learning in Engineering"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220736823",
  "pdf_url": "http://doi.org/10.1103/gddt-c1n3",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "American Physical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3r0jrhstmcx84.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:41Z",
      "native_id": "235c3df659a74d6d82241b80ada504fd",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/gddt-c1n3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "lcc:QC1-999",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development of a physical-digital learning environment for rotational motion transmission in engineering education",
  "title_text": "Development of a physical-digital learning environment for rotational motion transmission in engineering education",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3r0jrhstmcx84",
  "venue": "Physical Review Physics Education Research",
  "versions": []
}