{
  "abstract": "RIG-I is an innate immune receptor for viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Upon binding dsRNA, RIG-I nucleates MAVS filaments through its two caspase activation and recruitment domains (2CARD). However, how the 2CARD behaves during activation has remained unclear. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we visualized the 2CARD in full-length RIG-I across its apo, dsRNA-bound, translocating, multimeric, and polyubiquitin-bound states. Protrusions consistent with the 2CARD appeared only transiently in the apo state, whereas a mobile 2CARD emerged upon RNA binding. During ATP-driven translocation, wild-type RIG-I moved approximately twofold slower and showed more frequent pauses and multimers than RIG-I {Delta}2CARD. Within multimers, 2CARDs formed a complex that polyubiquitin stabilized into larger, dsRNA-deforming assemblies. These findings reveal the 2CARD as a brake on the RIG-I motor, beyond signaling.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Kanazawa University"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S. Kondo"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Matsushima"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Kurihara"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Flechsig"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Umeda"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Kodera"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Kato"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Shibata"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rj9qazb2070w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.13.758695",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758695v1.full",
  "id": "3rj9qazb2070w",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758695v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "biophysics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|interferon and immune responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221826775",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758695v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rj9qazb2070w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:52Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.13.758695",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758695v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "biorxiv:biophysics",
      "subfield": "biophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dual role of the RIG-I 2CARD as a signaling module and a brake on dsRNA translocation",
  "title_text": "Dual role of the RIG-I 2CARD as a signaling module and a brake on dsRNA translocation",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rj9qazb2070w",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}