{
  "abstract": "Nanobodies are single‐domain antigen‐binding fragments derived from camelid heavy‐chain‐only antibodies (HCAbs). They combine a small size (~12–15 kDa) with high solubility, favorable stability, and antigen‐binding capability. These properties can facilitate recognition of less accessible epitopes, improve tissue penetration in selected settings, and support assay performance under conditions that may challenge conventional antibodies. In recent years, nanobodies have emerged as versatile molecular recognition tools for diagnostic applications and been integrated into diverse detection platforms—including enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), biosensors, and in vivo imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and nanobody–quantum dot conjugates. Advances such as multivalent designs, site‐specific conjugation, and optimized expression systems have further enhanced the performance of nanobodies in clinical diagnostics. Here, we summarize recent progress in nanobody‐based diagnostic technologies, outlining the key structural and biochemical features that contribute to their efficacy, reviewing ongoing clinical trials, and highlighting successful technological developments. Additionally, we discuss emerging strategies aimed at creating scalable, sensitive, and application‐ready nanobody‐enabled diagnostic platforms.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery and Department of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Harbin Medical University Harbin China",
    "Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China",
    "College of Life Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin China",
    "Endoscopy Center Peking University First Hospital Beijing China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Wu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8825-2215"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abid Ali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Li Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiahao Hu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5835-1012"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lina Hameed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Saba Shafi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8468-2402"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ali Raza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Khuzin Dinislam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenjing Xing"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Long Rong",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5450-0535"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jie Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9676-2218"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jian Ma",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8223-8327"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rnbetq0jngmy.bib",
  "cited_by": 8,
  "doi": "10.1002/smm2.70088",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3rnbetq0jngmy",
  "issns": [
    "2688-819X",
    "2766-8525"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.70088",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2741|Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7162109695",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-05-21",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rnbetq0jngmy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:56Z",
      "native_id": "W7162109695",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.70088"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nanobodies: A Promising Toolkit for Diagnostic Applications",
  "title_text": "Nanobodies: A Promising Toolkit for Diagnostic Applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rnbetq0jngmy",
  "venue": "SmartMat",
  "versions": []
}