{
  "abstract": "Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is an important site of HIV persistence and contains susceptible target cells, including macrophages. Crosstalk between intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages may contribute to mucosal innate defense.\n\nMethods: NCM460 human intestinal epithelial cells were transfected with poly(dA). Expression and production of interferons, interferon-stimulated genes, and CC chemokines were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, and ELISA. Primary human macrophages were treated with conditioned supernatants from NCM460 cells, and HIV infection was assessed using cytopathic effects, luciferase activity, and HIV Gag RNA expression.\n\nResults: Poly(dA) induced IFN-β, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2/3, ISG15, viperin, OAS1, RANTES, and MIP-1α in NCM460 cells. Supernatants from poly(dA)-stimulated NCM460 cells induced GBP5, viperin, and MX2 in primary macrophages and significantly inhibited HIV infection.\n\nDiscussion: Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing in intestinal epithelial cells induces soluble antiviral factors that enhance innate antiviral responses in macrophages and may contribute to mucosal defense against HIV.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , , ,",
    "Department of Computer Science, Ying Wu College of Computing, New Jersey Institute of Technology , , ,",
    "HIV Cure and Viral Diseases Center, The Wistar Institute , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Safah Majid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shazheb Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Raheeb Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qian-Hao Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuan Rong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhi Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Qing-Sheng Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wen-Zhe Ho"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rp47rfx14me3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1919977",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661426/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "3rp47rfx14me3",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661426",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|interferon and immune responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214975094",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661426/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661426",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rp47rfx14me3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13661426",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661426"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1919977",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1919977/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|interferon and immune responses",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing in NCM460 intestinal epithelial cells induces antiviral factors that restrict HIV infection in macrophages",
  "title_text": "Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing in NCM460 intestinal epithelial cells induces antiviral factors that restrict HIV infection in macrophages",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3rp47rfx14me3",
  "venue": "Frontiers in immunology",
  "versions": []
}