{
  "abstract": "Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with therapeutic resistance representing a significant barrier to improved patient outcomes. Although tumor-intrinsic genetic alterations are important determinants of treatment resistance, emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and its metabolites may also influence responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The microbiome and metabolome function as an interconnected axis that can influence host immunity, microbial drug metabolism, epithelial homeostasis, and tumor-associated signaling pathways, thereby contributing to variation in therapeutic response. Despite advances in microbiome research, the mechanisms by which the microbiome-metabolome axis promotes therapy resistance are not fully elucidated, and clinical translation is limited by the absence of standardized biomarkers and validated therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms through which the microbiome-metabolome axis contributes to CRC therapy resistance, with emphasis on microbial dysbiosis, bacterial metabolites, and host-microbial interactions in modulating treatment efficacy. Emerging microbiome-directed therapeutic approaches, including fecal microbiota transplantation, defined microbial consortia, dietary interventions, microbial metabolites, and engineered microbial therapies, are examined, along with the methodological and translational challenges that must be addressed before their integration into routine clinical practice.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical College",
    "Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences",
    "Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University",
    "Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, London Health Sciences Centre",
    "Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University",
    "Cancer Research Institute, Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Abu Dhabi University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anoud Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aryan Tareen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anusha Abdul Muqeet Farid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahrar Amin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hamza Nawaz Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Danial Khan Hadi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Saqib Raza Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Afsheen Raza"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3ssaccpj50wk9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1985675",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3ssaccpj50wk9",
  "issns": [
    "2234-943X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1985675/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Gut microbiota and health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224091410",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3ssaccpj50wk9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:14Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1985675",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1985675/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Gut microbiota and health",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The microbiome-metabolome axis in colorectal cancer therapy resistance: mechanisms, mediators, and therapeutic opportunities",
  "title_text": "The microbiome-metabolome axis in colorectal cancer therapy resistance: mechanisms, mediators, and therapeutic opportunities",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3ssaccpj50wk9",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Oncology",
  "versions": []
}