{
  "abstract": "Mastitis severely impairs dairy production, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major endotoxin, induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory injury in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Mitophagy, which is regulated by the AMPK/mTOR axis, removes damaged mitochondria to restrict excessive inflammation. Although salidroside (SAL) has anti-inflammatory activity, whether it protects against LPS-triggered inflammatory injury in mammary epithelial cells via this pathway remains unclear. Here, we investigated the protective effects of SAL on LPS-stimulated MAC-T cells. Pretreatment with 200 μM SAL markedly reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) induced by 5 μg/mL LPS. Mechanistically, SAL maintained mitochondrial function by restoring ATP levels, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibiting abnormal mPTP opening. Moreover, SAL increased the LC3B-II/I ratio and Beclin-1 expression and promoted p62 degradation. Tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 assays verified that SAL restored functional autophagic flux; moreover, SAL upregulated PINK1 and Parkin expression, indicating mitophagy activation. The results of inhibition experiments demonstrated that 3-methyladenine or cyclosporin A eliminated the protective effects of SAL. The inhibition of AMPK by Compound C blocked SAL-induced mitophagy and reversed its beneficial effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammation. In summary, SAL protected MAC-T cells against LPS-induced inflammatory injury in an AMPK/mTOR-dependent manner by driving PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to eliminate damaged mitochondria and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University",
    "Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qixin Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huiyuan Cao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yang Geng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zheng Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaokai Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shujun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nongjiang Zu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lijun Cao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinbao Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhili Qi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3t1y0j3qx69yy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s44149-026-00283-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-026-00283-1",
  "id": "3t1y0j3qx69yy",
  "issns": [
    "2731-0442"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-026-00283-1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RA1-1270"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "SF600-1100"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1102|Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222928406",
  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s44149-026-00283-1.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3t1y0j3qx69yy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:47Z",
      "native_id": "b49c5662d13c42afb52694425801e072",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-026-00283-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1102|Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Salidroside alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in MAC-T cells by promoting mitophagy and improving mitochondrial function via the AMPK/mTOR pathway",
  "title_text": "Salidroside alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in MAC-T cells by promoting mitophagy and improving mitochondrial function via the AMPK/mTOR pathway",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3t1y0j3qx69yy",
  "venue": "Animal Diseases",
  "versions": []
}