{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Dual-task (DT) motor assessment in Parkinson's disease (PD) provides insight into functional abilities, yet limited evidence on its reliability may bias therapy results. This study aims to evaluate the intra-rater test-retest reliability of single and functional DT balance measures in untrained individuals with PD, and to determine the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 untrained participants with PD performed a balance assessment twice, 30 min apart. The Romberg test was measured on a force platform under five conditions: single-task, two cognitive secondary tasks (visual, DTvisual; verbal, DTverbal) and two manual tasks (below 90° of shoulder flexion, DTlower; above 90°, DTupper). Test-retest reliability of Center of Pressure (CoP) outcomes was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) besides SEM and MDC. Results: Displacement, dispersion, force, swept area, and velocity of CoP movements showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.75) under the single-task condition, except for anteroposterior displacement, which showed an ICC of 0.73. Swept area (ICC = 0.92), followed by CoP velocity (ICC = 0.90) and anteroposterior CoP force (ICC = 0.90), exhibited the highest reliability. Under dual-task conditions, reliability was more variable across outcomes and task types. CoP velocity showed the most consistent reliability (ICC = 0.74-0.92), whereas swept area showed lower reliability in all DT conditions, but DTupper (ICC = 0.90). Mediolateral CoP outcomes were more reliable than anteroposterior displacement and dispersion, while anteroposterior CoP force outperformed mediolateral force under DT conditions. Conclusions: Single-task static balance can be reliably assessed in untrained people with mild-to-moderate PD within a single session. However, under DT conditions, high variability across outcomes warrants cautious interpretation, highlighting CoP velocity and mediolateral excursion as relatively consistent outcomes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 21 Blasco Ibáñez Av., 46010 Valencia, Spain.",
    "Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 5 Gascó Oliag St., 46010 Valencia, Spain.",
    "Unit of Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Mental Disorders Assessment, University of Valencia-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 15 Blasco Ibáñez Av., 46010 Valencia, Spain.",
    "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 3-5 Monforte de Lemos St., 28029 Madrid, Spain.",
    "Physiotherapy Unit, Parkinson Valencia Neurorehabilitation Center, 15 Nicolau Primitiu St., 46014 Valencia, Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sara Monleón Guinot",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4499-4038"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Constanza San Martín Valenzuela",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0347-5442"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Vivina Aranda Asensi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "José M Tomás",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3424-1668"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3tawywks98v1r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/neurolint18100187",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708709",
  "id": "3tawywks98v1r",
  "issns": [
    "2035-8385",
    "2035-8377"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931141",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3612|Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215084277",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708709?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13708709",
  "pmid": "42931141",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3tawywks98v1r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42931141",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931141"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Intra-Rater Test-Retest Reliability of Static Dual-Task Balance Measures in Untrained People with Parkinson's Disease.",
  "title_text": "Intra-Rater Test-Retest Reliability of Static Dual-Task Balance Measures in Untrained People with Parkinson's Disease.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3tawywks98v1r",
  "venue": "Neurology international",
  "versions": []
}