{
  "abstract": "We present JWST/NIRSpec IFU observations of SPIRITS 19q, the highly dust-producing carbon-rich (WC) binary candidate located in a subsolar-metallicity region of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 2403. The observations, taken in April of 2024, confirm the association of a dusty outburst observed in 2019 by the Spitzer Space Telescope with an early-type WC star. Using models from the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) LMC model grid we find that the WC star of SPIRITS 19q likely has an especially high mass-loss rate ($\\gtrsim$ 10$^{-4}$ $M_{\\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$). From the flux peak of the IR transient as measured by Spitzer/IRAC as well as constraints on dust composition and size from the JWST spectrum, we estimate a total dust mass formed in the outburst of 6.6 $\\pm$ 0.4 $\\times$ 10$^{-6}$ $M_{\\odot}$. Assuming a minimum orbital period of 12 years, this corresponds to a period-averaged dust production rate of $\\lesssim$ 5.5 $\\times$ 10$^{-7}$ $M_{\\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. These observations suggest that even a single WC system can contribute to the dust budget at subsolar metallicities, and that such systems are an important source of carbonaceous dust grains in the early universe.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.00477",
  "author_total": 23,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sam Rose"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ryan M. Lau"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jacob E. Jencson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mansi M. Kasliwal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andreas A. C. Sander"
    },
    {
      "name": "Howard E. Bond"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael F. Corcoran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Izumi Endo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthew J. Hankins"
    },
    {
      "name": "Olivia C. Jones"
    },
    {
      "name": "Viraj R. Karambelkar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Astrid Lamberts"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas Madura"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anthony F. J. Moffat"
    },
    {
      "name": "Patrick W. Morris"
    },
    {
      "name": "Takashi Onaka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael E. Ressler"
    },
    {
      "name": "Noel D. Richardson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christopher M. P. Russell"
    },
    {
      "name": "Itsuki Sakon"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Sanchez-Bermudez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gerd Weigelt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peredur M. Williams"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3td4qca37kca8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.00477",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3td4qca37kca8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00477",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.SR"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7206149201",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.00477",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3td4qca37kca8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:00Z",
      "native_id": "2609.00477",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00477"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.SR",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "SPIRITS 19q: Dust Production by a Subsolar-metallicity Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Star in NGC 2403",
  "title_text": "SPIRITS 19q: Dust Production by a Subsolar-metallicity Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Star in NGC 2403",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3td4qca37kca8",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}