{
  "abstract": "The widespread occurrence of propranolol hydrochloride (PRL) in aquatic environments has emerged as a significant environmental concern due to its persistence and potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment. In this study, Gum acacia-grafted-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)/oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GADMA CNT) nanocomposite hydrogel was successfully developed via free radical graft copolymerization for the adsorption of PRL. FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful grafting of N,N-dimethylacrylamide onto the Gum acacia backbone and effective incorporation of O-MWCNTs nanofillers. Powder XRD analysis indicated the homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers within the polymeric hydrogel network. TGA-DTG analyses demonstrated enhanced thermal stability of the nanocomposite hydrogel with higher O-MWCNTs loading, while FE-SEM images exhibited a rough, porous, and interconnected morphology favourable for adsorption. Swelling and adsorption screening identified GADMA CNT-10 as the optimum adsorbent for PRL removal. Various adsorption parameters, including pH (3–11), adsorbent dosage (10–60 mg), initial PRL concentration (25–250 mg L−1), contact duration (60–720 min), and temperature (20–50 °C), were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for PRL adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium was best described by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.998) with a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax = 251.26 mg g−1), whereas the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.999). Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous (ΔG° negative), exothermic (ΔH° negative), and accompanied by decreased randomness (ΔS° negative). Post-adsorption FT-IR and AFM analyses provided further evidence of changes in chemical environment of the functional groups and surface topography associated with PRL adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was attributed to the combined contributions of electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and pore-filling effects. Furthermore, the regeneration and reusability study showed the GADMA CNT-10 adsorbent retained approximately 79% of its initial adsorption capacity after five consecutive cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability and promising potential for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar Anand-388 120 Gujarat India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sanjay M. Bamaniya",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-7437-6043"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pragnesh N. Dave",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8817-208X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3v8f2651xv2xp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07004c",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721290/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "3v8f2651xv2xp",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721290",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224805689",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721290/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721290",
  "pmid": "42965086",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3v8f2651xv2xp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13721290",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721290"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:00Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721290",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07004c"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Gum acacia-grafted-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)/oxidised-MWCNTs nanocomposite hydrogel: synthesis, characterization, and application in propranolol HCl adsorption from aqueous media",
  "title_text": "Gum acacia-grafted-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)/oxidised-MWCNTs nanocomposite hydrogel: synthesis, characterization, and application in propranolol HCl adsorption from aqueous media",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3v8f2651xv2xp",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}