{
  "abstract": "Background: The transfer of human intestinal microbiota from in vivo to in vitro conditions alters its structure. This transition may trigger functional changes in the microbial community, such as its ability to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate. Methods: This study evaluated SCFAs and lactate profiles in the dynamic simulator and in the feces of a human volunteer who donated a sample for the inoculation of the system. Changes in SCFA and lactate levels were monitored over a 28-day dietary intervention and a parallel 14-day probiotic supplementation. Results: Microbial and dietary variation were not significant predictors of variability in SCFA and lactate profiles. In contrast, culturing environment and probiotic intervention exerted significant effects on SCFAs and lactate. The probiotic intervention appeared to influence SCFA and lactate profiles under in vitro conditions, whereas no similar effect was observed in vivo. Furthermore, the abundance of individual microbial genera was mostly weakly correlated with SCFA and lactate levels, and the direction of these correlations was inconsistent across two microbiota culturing environments. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that structural changes in the microbiota during its transfer from in vivo to in vitro conditions are accompanied by alterations in microbial functions, such as SCFA and lactate levels or response to interventions. However, these responses align with data from other human studies, supporting the ability of dynamic in vitro models to simulate key functions of the intestinal microbiota. Further optimization is required to accurately model personalized microbiota responses.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland",
    "Department of Food Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Gastronomy and Food Health Quality, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland",
    "Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland",
    "Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland",
    "The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland",
    "Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Agnieszka Rudzka",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-360X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ondřej Patloka",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8182-1306"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Marcin Kruk",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9133-0122"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Magdalena Płecha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Marek Zborowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2695-2491"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Tomasz Królikowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5807-0357"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Michał Oczkowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5999-5140"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Marcelina Karbowiak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5643-3468"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wioletta Mosiej",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1960-116X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Renata Barczyńska-Felusiak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4161-6480"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dorota Zielińska",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7845-1352"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3vz6rk3p010w6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18213701",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3vz6rk3p010w6",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3701",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-07",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3vz6rk3p010w6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18213701",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3701"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6643",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Human Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Lactate Profiles In Vivo and In Vitro: A Structured Review and Comparative Case Study",
  "title_text": "Human Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Lactate Profiles In Vivo and In Vitro: A Structured Review and Comparative Case Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3vz6rk3p010w6",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}