{
  "abstract": "Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the exclusive cyclical vector of human and animal African trypanosomoses and continue to threaten health and agricultural productivity across sub-Saharan Africa. Area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) strategies provide a coordinated framework for combining tools such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), insecticide-treated targets and cattle, and others. This review examines the success and challenges of AW-IPM in tsetse control and advances in population genetics, species distribution modeling, and landscape genetics that improve identification of candidate populations for optimized AW-IPM design. We introduce the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) “Tsetse Population Genetics,” supported by the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre, which aims to develop standardized tools and data to guide SIT within integrated control strategies. We identify key gaps in evidence for population isolation and reinvasion risk and propose an integrated, decision-ready framework. The framework combines updated species distribution models with scalable genomic tools to generate connectivity maps and, where feasible, source–sink dynamics, to prioritize intervention sites and distinguish post-control reinvasion from true elimination. Author summary: Tsetse flies transmit the parasites that cause sleeping sickness in people and African animal trypanosomosis in livestock. Although the number of human cases has declined substantially, these diseases still threaten health, food security, and rural livelihoods across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Control programs using area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM), including tools such as the sterile insect technique and insecticide-based methods, have achieved important successes. However, long-term success depends on whether local tsetse populations are truly isolated or can be reinvaded from surrounding areas.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America",
    "Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria",
    "INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France",
    "INTERTRYP, CIRAD, Nairobi, Kenya",
    "International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya",
    "Department of Biology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda",
    "Spatial Ecology, Penn, United Kingdom",
    "Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy",
    "Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Norah Saarman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chantel Janet De Beer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Philippe Solano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Antoine Barreaux"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Geoffrey Gimonneau"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Sophie Ravel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Robert Opiro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Amatulli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Giuliano Cecchi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Serap Aksoy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brian Weiss"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kostas Bourtzis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adly M. M. Abd-Alla"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3wdj9d85w4hv7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0014752",
  "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0014752",
  "id": "3wdj9d85w4hv7",
  "issns": [
    "1935-2735"
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  "landing_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0014752",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Trypanosoma species research and implications"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Pest control"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Ecology/Habitats"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Population genetics"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Genomics/Structural genomics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Heredity/Genetic suppression"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Population genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Ecology/Habitats"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa"
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  ],
  "openalex": "W7221173747",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0014752&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3wdj9d85w4hv7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0014752",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0014752"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:genetics",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
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  ],
  "title": "From islands to landscapes: Integrating genomic and advanced eco-geographic tools in area-wide tsetse control",
  "title_text": "From islands to landscapes: Integrating genomic and advanced eco-geographic tools in area-wide tsetse control",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3wdj9d85w4hv7",
  "venue": "PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases",
  "versions": []
}