{
  "abstract": "Spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a formidable challenge in regenerative medicine, with current therapeutic strategies proving largely unsuccessful in achieving functional repair. Notably, paediatric patients and neonatal mice exhibit spontaneous and efficient regeneration after SCI, while the mechanisms remain elusive. Through integrated multi‐omics analysis in neonatal, adult and aged mice with SCI, we discovered that the regeneration time window, inflammatory response, and intercellular communication are all age‐dependent. Neonatal spinal cord‐derived extracellular vesicles (nSC‐EVs) were identified carrying a regenerative protein signature and were critical mediators in restoring SCI repair in neonatal mice. Functionally, nSC‐EVs promote neurogenesis via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and mediate axonal growth through the core effector Agrin (encoded by Agrn), which was found to be predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. We further developed a targeted delivery system for nSC‐EVs, which significantly enhanced functional recovery, including motor and bladder control, in adult SCI mice. This work elucidates the mechanistic basis of age‐dependent repair processes and proposes a novel EV‐based therapy for SCI.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University",
    "The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University",
    "the University of Hong Kong",
    "Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine",
    "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University",
    "General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 32,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yongfeng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Beibei Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Borui Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shijie Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Teng Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lingli Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haining Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xue Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shengyou Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yujie Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiming Hao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ziqing Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Meijia Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hongyu Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shuanshuan Fan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaqi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Huangtao Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Longhui Fu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anhui Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhenguo Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shihao Nie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mingze Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinxin Bai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guang Kong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rui Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dong Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yue Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Junxiong Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Shouping Gong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bing Xia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinghui Huang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3x8v0gqg37chb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/jev2.70371",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653649/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "3x8v0gqg37chb",
  "issns": [
    "2001-3078"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13653649",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QH573-671"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Spinal Cord Injury Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221319884",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653649/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13653649",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3x8v0gqg37chb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13653649",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13653649"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:10Z",
      "native_id": "894e1a26b2c1445daada92bba4f6749f",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70371"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "lcc:QH573-671",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Agrin‐Enriched Neonatal Spinal Cord‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Bypass Age Barriers to Organize Spinal Cord Repair",
  "title_text": "Agrin‐Enriched Neonatal Spinal Cord‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Bypass Age Barriers to Organize Spinal Cord Repair",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3x8v0gqg37chb",
  "venue": "Journal of extracellular vesicles",
  "versions": []
}