{
  "abstract": "Monkeypox virus (MPXV) continues to emerge as a global health threat. While genetically diverse, its genomic structure and evolution remain undercharacterized. This study analyzed 157 non-redundant MPXV genomes (subtypes Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb), identifying 183 core and 222 non-core genes via pan-genome analysis—indicative of an open pan-genome. Over half (55.8%) of MPXV genes show gene number variation. Non-core genes exhibit a higher ratio of insertions/deletions compared to core genes. Additionally, selection pressure analysis indicated that non-core genes are more prone to positive selection. Furthermore, interaction analysis revealed that core viral proteins target immune-related human pathways, while non-core proteins engage with viral infection-associated proteins. These results deepen our understanding of MPXV evolution and inform future research directions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China",
    "Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Geochemical Processes and Resource Environmental Effects, Changsha, China",
    "Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yinggen Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yunhai Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xizi Long"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhaozhong Zhu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3xn09qyhz8k41.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.7717/peerj.21846",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13718445",
  "id": "3xn09qyhz8k41",
  "issns": [
    "2167-8359"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://peerj.com/articles/21846",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Bioinformatics"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Evolutionary Studies"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Genomics"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Virology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|Poxvirus research and outbreaks"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223685040",
  "pdf_url": "https://peerj.com/articles/21846.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13718445",
  "pmid": "42959807",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "PeerJ",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3xn09qyhz8k41.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:47Z",
      "native_id": "10.7717/peerj.21846",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://peerj.com/articles/21846"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:50Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959807",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959807"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:22:28Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13718445",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21846"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Bioinformatics",
      "subfield": "bioinformatics"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Genomics",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Virology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pan-genome insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of genes in monkeypox virus",
  "title_text": "Pan-genome insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of genes in monkeypox virus",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3xn09qyhz8k41",
  "venue": "PeerJ",
  "versions": []
}