{
  "abstract": "Raman enhancement has been widely observed for molecules adsorbed on van der Waals (vdW) materials including graphene, MoS2, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition-metal dichalcogenides. This enhancement is often dominated by a chemical mechanism. However, how the Raman response evolves when a molecule is sandwiched between two vdW layers remains unclear. Here, using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a probe, we compare three sandwich structures: graphene/CuPc/TiS2, graphene/CuPc/TiSe2, and graphene/CuPc/graphene, spanning asymmetric to near-symmetric dual-interface geometries. We find that adding a second interface in contact with the molecule can suppress, moderate, or enhance the Raman response of CuPc depending on the contacting material pair and vibrational symmetry. The graphene/CuPc/graphene sandwich shows stronger enhancement than single-interface CuPc/graphene, with an excitation wavelength dependence. These results show that the dual-interface Raman response is influenced by interface-dependent charge-transfer effects and increased nonradiative damping. This work provides an experimental framework for understanding Raman enhancement in molecule-sandwiched structures.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States.",
    "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States.",
    "Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan.",
    "Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005United States.",
    "Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xielin Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-9287-7371"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nguyen Tuan Hung",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4156-6230"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Shengxi Huang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3618-9074"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3y0pn70ktpcyx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c02758",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13632577",
  "id": "3y0pn70ktpcyx",
  "issns": [
    "1530-6984",
    "1530-6992"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916643",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Graphene research and applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213449992",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13632577?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13632577",
  "pmid": "42916643",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3y0pn70ktpcyx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42916643",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916643"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Graphene research and applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Raman Enhancement of Molecules Sandwiched between van der Waals Materials.",
  "title_text": "Raman Enhancement of Molecules Sandwiched between van der Waals Materials.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3y0pn70ktpcyx",
  "venue": "Nano letters",
  "versions": []
}