{
  "abstract": "High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) responds poorly to immune checkpoint blockade, partly due to a macrophage-dominated immunosuppressive microenvironment. We integrated single-cell spatial proteomics and spatial transcriptomics across 50 HGSC tumors and applied SPACEstat to resolve higher-order immune communities and their transcriptional programs. We identified six immune community types, with macrophage-dominated Myelonets representing the predominant spatial pattern of immune organisation. In chemotherapy-exposed tumors, Myelonets showed coordinated lipid metabolism-immunosuppression and inflammation-MHC-II macrophage transcriptional programs, with SPP1, C1Q, VEGF, MMPs, and CCL18 linked to immunosuppressive states and fibroblasts emerging as key mediators of macrophage communication. Chemotherapy contracted large Myelonets while increasing CD8+ T-cell organization into Lymphonets. Persistent macrophage dominance within Myelonets was associated with adverse outcomes among patients who achieved a complete response to treatment. Together, we identify Myelonets as clinically relevant, multicellular immunoregulatory niches sustained by spatiotemporally coordinated macrophage programs and stromal crosstalk.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Helsinki"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "I. Niemiec"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Shabanova"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Ruuska"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Tissarinen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Liang"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Anandagoda"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Shah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Kang"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Junquera"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Salko"
    },
    {
      "name": "U.-M. Haltia"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Virtanen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A. Farkkila"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3yysdcc7v6ynb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.08.26.26361128",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.26.26361128v1.full",
  "id": "3yysdcc7v6ynb",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.26.26361128v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "oncology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immune cells in cancer"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204847059",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.26.26361128v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3yysdcc7v6ynb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:21Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.08.26.26361128",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.26.26361128v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:oncology",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Myelonets define spatiotemporal immunosuppressive programs in ovarian cancer",
  "title_text": "Myelonets define spatiotemporal immunosuppressive programs in ovarian cancer",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:21Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3yysdcc7v6ynb",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}