{ "abstract": "Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSB) are a potential new class of vector control tool that act through an “attract and kill” mechanism on mosquitoes. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from three large-scale Phase III trials of the Westham Sarabi v1.2 ATSB (0.11% dinotefuran) conducted in Kenya, Mali, and Zambia, to determine the effect of the intervention on clinical malaria incidence in children, Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence, and dominant vector species parity, abundance, landing rate, and sporozoite positivity. The Sarabi ATSB was deployed on exterior walls at the rate of two per residential structure. Aggregated and individual-level meta-analyses were completed for each of the six trial outcomes, comprising 6981 person-years of follow-up for clinical malaria incidence (primary epidemiological outcome) and 19443 Anopheles for parity assessment (primary entomological outcome). Post-hoc analyses included assessment of dose-response relationships between coverage-adjusted intervention density and clinical malaria incidence. There were no statistically significant differences between arms in any of the epidemiological or entomological outcomes. There was statistically significant evidence of a 19% reduction in clinical malaria incidence for every 10 bait stations per hectare increase observed in spatial density (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74-0.89, p < 0.001), provided that the ATSB were in good condition. This finding suggests that there may be deployment approaches or dosing strategies under which ATSB tools could be efficacious, although threshold spatial densities could not be determined from available data. This meta-analysis furthermore highlights important recommendations for future cluster-randomized trials of vector control interventions, including conducting comprehensive baseline data collection to identify cluster outliers or sites with differences in vector bionomics, and collecting a limited set of entomological outcomes in all trial clusters to ensure an adequately powered and balanced analysis of entomological effects.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Centre for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America", "Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom", "University Clinical Research Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali", "International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom", "Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool, United Kingdom", "Independent Consultant, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America", "Independent Consultant, Lusaka, Zambia", "PATH, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America", "Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya", "Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom", "Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya", "Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GeorgiaUnited States of America", "School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom" ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 19, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Ruth A. Ashton" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Daniel P. McDermott" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Fousseyni Kane" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Sophie Sarrassat" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Angela Harris" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Christen Fornadel" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Joseph Wagman" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Javan Chanda" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Megan Littrell" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Feiko O. ter Kuile" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Aaron M. Samuels" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Eric Ochomo" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Thomas S. Churcher" }, { "name": "Joseph Biggs" }, { "name": "Sarah G. Staedke" }, { "name": "Seydou Doumbia" }, { "name": "Immo Kleinschmidt" }, { "name": "Joshua Yukich" }, { "name": "Thomas P. Eisele" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3z0hmk0hq0464.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pgph.0006513", "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006513", "id": "3z0hmk0hq0464", "issns": [ "2767-3375" ], "landing_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006513", "language": null, "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2739|Malaria Research and Control" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Parasitology/Parasite groups/Apicomplexa/Sporozoites" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Entomology" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Parasitic diseases/Malaria" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Tropical diseases/Malaria" ], [ "plos", "/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/Kenya" ], [ "plos", "/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/Mali" ], [ "plos", "/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/Zambia" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Statistics/Statistical methods/Metaanalysis" ], [ "plos", "/Research and analysis methods/Mathematical and statistical techniques/Statistical methods/Metaanalysis" ] ], "openalex": "W7221086494", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006513&type=printable", "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-10-09", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3z0hmk0hq0464.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pgph.0006513", "source": "plos", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006513" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:parasitology", "subfield": "microbiology" }, { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:entomology", "subfield": "zoology-behaviour" }, { "field": "mathematics", "origin": "plos:statistical methods", "subfield": "statistics" } ], "title": "Outdoor attractive targeted sugar bait Phase III trials for malaria control in Kenya, Mali, and Zambia: An individual participant data meta-analysis", "title_text": "Outdoor attractive targeted sugar bait Phase III trials for malaria control in Kenya, Mali, and Zambia: An individual participant data meta-analysis", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3z0hmk0hq0464", "venue": "PLOS Global Public Health", "versions": [] }