{
  "abstract": "Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is a hallmark of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), establishing a reliable VH model is vital for investigating the disorder. While the impact of chronic stress on bile acid (BA) metabolism remains unclear. The exploratory study aimed to evaluate a heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS)-induced rat model of VH and characterize associated alterations in BA metabolism and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling. Rats underwent a 9-day HIS regimen, and VH was assessed by electromyographic recording of the visceromotor response to colorectal distension. BA profiles in feces, colon, and serum were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS, and colonic FXR and CGRP expression were examined by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and three-dimensional confocal reconstruction. HIS induced significant VH without organic colonic pathology, accompanied by increased CGRP-positive nerve fibers. The bile acid pool composition region-specific alterations in feces, colon, and serum. Specifically, the free-to-conjugated BA ratio was significantly increased in the colon and decreased in the serum of HIS rats, whereas no significant difference was detected in feces, while species-level changes were compartment-specific. Colonic FXR was upregulated and spatially associated with CGRP-positive fibers; in a preventive guggulsterone-treated group, both signals were reduced. These findings indicate that HIS-induced VH is associated with region-specific alterations in BA metabolism and colonic FXR signaling change, identifying the BA–FXR axis as a candidate pathway meriting functional validation as a potential therapeutic target for IBS.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China",
    "Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China",
    "Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shiyuan Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Chang Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yafang Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ninan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhiyun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyu Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yangshuai Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tao Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5012-5077"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zknyq30jrpn7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27209293",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705360/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "3zknyq30jrpn7",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9293",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2715|Gastrointestinal motility and disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222962078",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705360/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13705360",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zknyq30jrpn7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:57Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27209293",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9293"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13705360",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13705360"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2715|Gastrointestinal motility and disorders",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Analysis of Multi-Site Bile Acid Metabolic Profile Reveals an Association Between Bile Acid–FXR Signaling and Visceral Hypersensitivity in Heterotypic Intermittent Stress-Induced IBS",
  "title_text": "Analysis of Multi-Site Bile Acid Metabolic Profile Reveals an Association Between Bile Acid–FXR Signaling and Visceral Hypersensitivity in Heterotypic Intermittent Stress-Induced IBS",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zknyq30jrpn7",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}