{
  "abstract": "Objective: Central nervous system germ cell tumours (CNS GCTs) are more prevalent in Asia than in Western populations. Treatment approaches remain heterogeneous across different Asian countries.\n\nMethods: Following a physical meeting of Asian specialists in Seoul in September 2024, an on-site and electronic survey was conducted among Asian specialists within the NeUro Germ cell Asia network to assess practice patterns and identify areas requiring consensus.\n\nResults: Forty-two specialists from eight Asian countries participated. Findings highlight the need for an Asian consortium to standardize management. Key variations were noted in age stratification, necessity of biopsy, tumour marker cut-offs, classification of bifocal disease and management of basal ganglia tumours, the role of chemotherapy in germinomas, and radiotherapy dose and volume for non-germinomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCTs).\n\nConclusion: This survey identifies substantial practice variation in CNS GCT management across Asia. Priority areas requiring consensus include biopsy indications, tumour marker interpretation, age-adapted treatment strategies, the role of radiotherapy alone in adolescent and young adult germinoma, and optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy approaches for NGGCT.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Icon Cancer Centre, Singapore",
    "Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand",
    "Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    "Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand",
    "University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
    "Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
    "University (MCO) Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
    "Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Asan Medical Centre Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea",
    "Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
    "Philippine General Hospital University, Manila, Philippines",
    "Philippine Children’s Medical Centre, Manila, Philippines",
    "Neurosurgical Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore",
    "Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Centre Kobe Proton Centre, Hyogo, Japan",
    "Taipei Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan",
    "Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management, Research Institute, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, Korea",
    "Department of Paediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Colleage of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan",
    "Department of Radiation Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ru-Xin Wong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4973-7404"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kanjana Shotelersuk",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8714-5733"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bongkot Jia-Mahasap",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7018-4843"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Warissara Ronthong",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1697-905X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jen-Chun Foo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Dharmendra Ganesan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1595-3659"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Nisha Shariff",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6552-6500"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Kyung-Nam Koh",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6376-672X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Tsz Yeung Kam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Ronnie Baticulon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2781-1845"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Cherry Villar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Felicia H. Z. Chua"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Yusuke Demizu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4465-4300"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Tai-Tong Wong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Dong-Eun Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8525-7494"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Yen-Lin Liu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7571-3123"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Joo-Young Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0602-7944"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zr9jbr34w2j0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3340/jkns.2026.0025",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13748861/",
  "id": "3zr9jbr34w2j0",
  "issns": [
    "2005-3711",
    "1598-7876"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2026.0025",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Pediatric"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Testicular diseases and treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223116882",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jkns.or.kr/upload/pdf/jkns-2026-0025.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13748861",
  "pmid": "42902881",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "The Korean Neurosurgical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zr9jbr34w2j0.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-13T12:26:56Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13748861",
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  "subjects": [
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      "origin": "openalex:2746|Testicular diseases and treatments",
      "subfield": "surgery"
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  "title": "Understanding Practice Variations in the Management of Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumours : Insights from the NUGA Survey",
  "title_text": "Understanding Practice Variations in the Management of Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumours : Insights from the NUGA Survey",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-13T12:26:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zr9jbr34w2j0",
  "venue": "Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society",
  "versions": []
}