{
  "abstract": "Background: Hypernatremia is frequent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with adverse outcomes. Despite its prevalence, robust evidence to guide treatment is lacking, and global practice patterns are largely unknown. We investigated global treatment preferences and clinicians' willingness to enroll patients in a randomized trial to inform its feasibility.\n\nMethods: This international cross‐sectional online survey comprised 20 primarily closed‐ended questions, using five‐point Likert‐scale responses, across four themes: treatment method, threshold, correction rate, and opinion on a proposed trial. Respondents considered a clinical vignette of hypernatremia developing before or during ICU admission, excluding dehydration and chronic causes. It was distributed to ICU physicians worldwide.\n\nResults: The survey was sent to 3053 ICU physicians in 17 countries, with 1051 respondents, yielding a response rate of 34%. Of respondents, 74% were consultants, and 26% were residents. The mean ICU experience was 14 years. Increasing free water intake via enteral route was the most frequently reported treatment strategy (80% reporting “often” or “always”). Moderate hypernatremia (plasma sodium 151–156 mmol/L) was the most frequently reported threshold for initiating correction (533/892, 60%). 45% (396/888) preferred a correction rate of 8–12 mmol/L/day, and 41% (366/888) of < 8 mmol/L/day, with the remainder having no correction rate target or correction rate target of > 12 mmol/L/day. 74% (654/882) reported no barriers to enrolling eligible patients in the proposed trial.\n\nConclusion: Among ICU physicians, correction of hypernatremia is mostly achieved by increasing free water intake using hypotonic fluids, predominantly via the enteral route. Most clinicians initiate treatment once hypernatremia reaches a moderate level, aiming for a correction rate of < 12 mmol/L/day. Most clinicians expressed willingness to enroll eligible patients in the proposed trial.\n\nEditorial Comment: This survey study aimed to sample physician preferences for treatment of hypernatremia when on their way to or in the ICU. This study sampled respondents in many countries, and based on different phases of treatment and assessment, as well as participant willingness for a future treatment trial.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital ‐ North Zealand Hospital Hilleroed Denmark",
    "Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark",
    "Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark",
    "Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark",
    "Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust England UK",
    "Department of Critical Care Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Belfast UK",
    "Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK",
    "Department of Clinical Sciences Medical Faculty Lund University Lund Sweden",
    "Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden",
    "Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund University Lund Sweden",
    "Department of Intensive Care Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, ULSLO Lisbon Portugal",
    "NOVA Medical School, CHRC NOVA University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal",
    "Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark",
    "Intensive Care Unit, Tampere University Hospital Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere Finland",
    "Department of Intensive Care Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway",
    "Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway",
    "Intensive Care Unit Wellington Hospital Wellington New Zealand",
    "Medical Research Institute of New Zealand Wellington New Zealand",
    "Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia",
    "Department of Critical Care University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia",
    "Department of Intensive Care Medicine ZAS Network of Hospitals Antwerp Belgium",
    "Department of Intensive Care Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland",
    "First Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland",
    "International Fluid Academy (IFA) Lovenjoel Belgium",
    "Intensive Care Unit QEII Hospital, QLD Health Brisbane Australia",
    "University of Queensland Brisbane Australia",
    "Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland",
    "Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland",
    "Department of Critical Care University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 92,
  "authors": [
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      "name": "Hans Eric Sebastian Seitz‐Rasmussen",
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      "name": "Olav Lilleholt Schjørring",
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      "name": "Aoife O'Grady"
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      "orcid": "0000-0002-9562-5462"
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      "name": "Marcus Broman"
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      "name": "Peter Bentzer",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8783-3886"
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      "orcid": "0000-0002-1522-0941"
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        17,
        18,
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      "name": "Paul Young",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3428-3083"
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    {
      "affs": [
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      "name": "Niels Van Regenmortel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8746-2325"
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    {
      "affs": [
        21
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      "name": "Carmen A. Pfortmüller",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0326-2770"
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        22,
        23
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      "name": "Manu L. N. G. Malbrain",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1816-5255"
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    {
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        24,
        25
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      "name": "Ahmad Nasser"
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      "name": "Martin Sigurdson"
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      "name": "Meint Volbeda",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7641-1330"
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    {
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        0,
        1
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      "name": "Sine Wichmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0360-8655"
    },
    {
      "name": "Morten Hylander Møller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Morten Hylander Møller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emilie Stockholm Bækgaard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anne Sofie Andreasen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Niels Foldager"
    },
    {
      "name": "Louise Gamstrup Nielsen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christoffer Sølling"
    },
    {
      "name": "Therese Malmqvist Frederiksen"
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    {
      "name": "Thomas Hvidtfeldt Vestergaard"
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    {
      "name": "Sebastian Knudsen"
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    {
      "name": "Anders Aneman"
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    {
      "name": "Mark Plummer"
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    {
      "name": "Thomas Kander"
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    {
      "name": "Johan Undén"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria Meirik"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicklas Oscarsson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anca Balintescu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria Cronhjort"
    },
    {
      "name": "Miklos Lipcsey"
    },
    {
      "name": "Björn Ahlström"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alicia Lind Howell"
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    {
      "name": "Johanna Savilampi"
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    {
      "name": "Erling Haug Holen"
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    {
      "name": "Michael Hahn"
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    {
      "name": "Hod Stern"
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    {
      "name": "Shirin Kordasti Frisvold"
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    {
      "name": "Karl‐Andre Wian"
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    {
      "name": "Aasmund Godø"
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    {
      "name": "Stephan Balsliemke"
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    {
      "name": "Vegard Tørå Dokka"
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    {
      "name": "Brendon Sloan"
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    {
      "name": "Aaron Corp"
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    {
      "name": "Andy Chamberlain"
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    {
      "name": "Gary Mills"
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    {
      "name": "Anil Hormis"
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    {
      "name": "Mike Dean"
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    {
      "name": "Tim Felton"
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    {
      "name": "Craig Brandwood"
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    {
      "name": "Andy Drummond"
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    {
      "name": "John Rae"
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    {
      "name": "Jerry Nolan"
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zsdt00msar3g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/aas.70386",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736195/",
  "id": "3zsdt00msar3g",
  "issns": [
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    "1399-6576"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.70386",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
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      "2727|Electrolyte and hormonal disorders"
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  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/aas.70386",
  "pmcid": "PMC13736195",
  "pmid": "42983226",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zsdt00msar3g.ris",
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      "origin": "openalex:2727|Electrolyte and hormonal disorders",
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  "title": "A Survey of Clinician‐Reported Management of Hypernatremia in the ICU",
  "title_text": "A Survey of Clinician‐Reported Management of Hypernatremia in the ICU",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zsdt00msar3g",
  "venue": "Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica",
  "versions": []
}