{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nDepressive symptoms are frequent in patients with heart failure (HF), but estimates vary across settings. Clarifying their burden and related factors can inform integrated care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in adults with HF and identify associated factors.Methods\n\nWe conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study (June 2022-February 2023) in cardiology wards and outpatient clinics of three hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences, northern Iran. Consecutive adults (≥18 years) with cardiologist-confirmed HF completed the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17); a score >7 was considered indicative of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Independent correlates of depressive symptoms were examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results\n\nOf 250 participants (mean age 60.3±15.1 years; 46.4% women), 51 (20.4%) had depressive symptoms (HAM-D-17 >7): mild 18.4%, moderate 1.6%, severe 0.4%. In unadjusted analyses, depressive symptoms were more common in women, in unemployed and unmarried participants, and in those with more advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. In multivariable models, female sex (OR 6.57, 95% CI 2.91-14.85) and higher NYHA class were associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01), whereas left ventricular ejection fraction and HF etiology were not.Conclusion\n\nApproximately one fifth of adults with HF had clinically relevant depressive symptoms, particularly women and patients with worse functional status. Routine screening and integrated psychosocial care should be incorporated into HF management, with special attention to patients in advanced NYHA classes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Social Determinants of Health Research Center Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.",
    "Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.",
    "Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol ,Iran.",
    "Department of Development and Clinical Research, Shahid Yaheinejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.",
    "Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.",
    "Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Romina Hamzehpour"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Naghmeh Zieaie Amiri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Milad Ghanbarzadeh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Angela Hamidia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sakine Javadian Kotnaei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mahboobeh Khoozan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hoda Shirafkan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mahasti Emami Hamzehkolaee"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zv3yccf80gam.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.22088/cjim.17.3.603",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13690160",
  "id": "3zv3yccf80gam",
  "issns": [
    "2008-6164",
    "2008-6172"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924348",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2705|Cardiac Health and Mental Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7218121049",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13690160?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13690160",
  "pmid": "42924348",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zv3yccf80gam.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42924348",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924348"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2705|Cardiac Health and Mental Health",
      "subfield": "cardiovascular"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Depressive symptoms and related factors in adults with heart failure: A multicenter cross-sectional study in northern Iran (2022-2023).",
  "title_text": "Depressive symptoms and related factors in adults with heart failure: A multicenter cross-sectional study in northern Iran (2022-2023).",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3zv3yccf80gam",
  "venue": "Caspian journal of internal medicine",
  "versions": []
}