{
  "abstract": "IntroductionCandesartan Cilexetil (CC) is a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist widely used in the treatment of hypertension. However, CC has poor aqueous solubility (0.006 ± 0.002 mg/mL), low oral bioavailability (15%) and undergoes significant first-pass metabolism.MethodsCandesartan Cilexetil Solid Dispersion adsorbate (CC-SDAs) was formulated by the fusion method, employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 as a hydrophilic carrier and Neusilin® US2 as an adsorbent, to improve the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of CC. The formulation was optimized using a 32 factorial design.Results and DiscussionThe optimized SDA formulation exhibited the following properties: Carr’s index (9.86 ± 0.09%), Hausner’s ratio (1.10 ± 0.16) and angle of repose (26.00 ± 0.19°), which shows improved flow property. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the conversion of the crystalline drug into an amorphous form. The optimized SDA formulation achieved %CDR of 90.41 ± 0.95% at Q30 min, demonstrating a marked improvement in in vitro dissolution compared to the pure drug (%CDR of 57.20 ± 3.78% at Q30 min). Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed a 2.02-fold enhanced oral bioavailability of CC from the SDA formulation compared to the CC suspension. Therefore, the SDA technique proves to be a promising approach for enhancing the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Maliba Pharmacy College, Surat, India",
    "Parul University, Vadodara, India",
    "Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, India",
    "Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Harshad Makwana"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anjali Patel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manisha Lalan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Meenakshi Patel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nirmal Shah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bhavin Vyas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bhupendra Prajapati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Pranav Shah"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/404dxgezge2kr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fddev.2026.1975209",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fddev.2026.1975209/full",
  "id": "404dxgezge2kr",
  "issns": [
    "2674-0850"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2026.1975209",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RM1-950"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "3003|Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems"
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  "openalex": "W7223675241",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/drug-delivery/articles/10.3389/fddev.2026.1975209/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/404dxgezge2kr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:32Z",
      "native_id": "b4379ae1b0464fb3804667e9e7eb868e",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2026.1975209"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3003|Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Formulation and characterization of solid dispersion adsorbate of Candesartan Cilexetil: in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance",
  "title_text": "Formulation and characterization of solid dispersion adsorbate of Candesartan Cilexetil: in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/404dxgezge2kr",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Drug Delivery",
  "versions": []
}