{
  "abstract": "Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized as a common comorbidity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), potentially influencing immune regulation and disease outcomes. Despite high rates of vitamin D deficiency reported globally, data from the Middle East remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D concentration and the demographics of patients with IBD. We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study utilizing an IBD clinical cohort from a tertiary care center and a separate, previously published population-based control cohort. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in 184 patients with IBD (122 Crohn disease, 62 ulcerative colitis) and 410 controls without IBD. Associations between vitamin D concentrations, demographics, and disease subtype were assessed using chi-squared tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). IBD patients had significantly lower median vitamin D concentrations than controls (18.0 vs 31.0 nmol/L, P < .001), with 78.8% exhibiting severe deficiency (<25 nmol/L). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher odds of IBD in both sexes, with a stronger association among females (aOR 10.57, 95% CI: 5.33-20.96) than males (aOR 4.64, 95% CI: 2.57-8.37; P-interaction = .021). Vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in Crohn disease compared to ulcerative colitis (16.5 vs 22.0 nmol/L, P = .003), though no associations were found with CD phenotype, and UC extent showed no association overall. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in those with Crohn disease and in females, underscoring both systemic disease-related associations and sex-specific vulnerability. Larger, prospective, multicenter studies are warranted to further elucidate the associated factors and clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency in this population.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Program of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdullah Al Salem University, Khaldiya, Kuwait.",
    "Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak AlKabeer Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait.",
    "Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Shehab",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2084-3956"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Abdulwahab AlSayegh",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-7969-3328"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ali H Ziyab"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4090228hrcahx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000051257",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681150",
  "id": "4090228hrcahx",
  "issns": [
    "0304-5412",
    "1536-5964"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42888630",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Vitamin D Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222713356",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681150?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13681150",
  "pmid": "42888630",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4090228hrcahx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42888630",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42888630"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2734|Vitamin D Research Studies",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Relationship between vitamin D serum concentration and inflammatory bowel disease demographics: A cross-sectional study.",
  "title_text": "Relationship between vitamin D serum concentration and inflammatory bowel disease demographics: A cross-sectional study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4090228hrcahx",
  "venue": "Medicine",
  "versions": []
}