{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Real-world data are limited for short-term renal and metabolic changes after the initiation of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in Turkish clinical practice. We described 1-year changes in these parameters in adults with type 2 diabetes who started treatment with empagliflozin or dapagliflozin. Methods: In this single-centre retrospective cohort (2016–2021; n = 780), paired baseline and 12-month values were compared in patients with available measurements. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Factors associated with albuminuria response (≥30% UACR reduction) were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: HbA1c decreased by 1.0% (95% CI 0.8–1.1; n = 398), haematocrit increased by 1.3 percentage points (n = 418), uric acid decreased by 0.5 mg/dL (n = 221) and eGFR declined by 3.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2.1–4.2; n = 426). In 109 patients with paired UACR, the median UACR fell from 20.9 [9.0–49.0] to 11.0 [6.0–30.0] mg/g (p < 0.001). A ≥30% reduction occurred in 81.1% of patients with a baseline UACR ≥30 mg/g and 41.7% of patients with a baseline UACR <30 mg/g (adjusted odds ratio: 6.10; 95% CI: 2.24–16.57). Genitourinary infections were more frequent in women as the most common documented reason for discontinuation. Conclusions: In routine care, SGLT2 inhibitor initiation was followed by changes in glycaemic, haematological, uric acid and albuminuria parameters that were similar in direction to those reported in randomised trials; the uncontrolled design and incomplete UACR data preclude causal inference.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Research and Training Hospital, 35330 Izmir, Turkey",
    "Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Research and Training Hospital, 35330 Izmir, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Öykü Ünsal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hüseyin Döngelli",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4032-9209"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mehmet Çağrı Ünal",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8000-5220"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gökçen Güngör Semiz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aysu Okumuş Güçlü",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9662-574X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tevfik Demir"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/40x3nnk9jwybw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15208076",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705703/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "40x3nnk9jwybw",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8076",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes Treatment and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222987564",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705703/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13705703",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/40x3nnk9jwybw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15208076",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8076"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13705703",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13705703"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diabetes Treatment and Management",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Real-World Renal and Metabolic Outcomes of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",
  "title_text": "Real-World Renal and Metabolic Outcomes of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/40x3nnk9jwybw",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}