{
  "abstract": "Crystal Violet (CV) dye and CO₂ emissions represent two major environmental threats that demand cost-effective and multifunctional remediation materials. In this study, a silver/tin co-doped cerium oxide nanocomposite supported on montmorillonite (Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂) was synthesized via continuous phyto-mechanochemical twin screw extrusion using Melothria scabra leaf extract as a green reducing agent. The composite was characterized by using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, zeta potential, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, BJH pore size analysis, and ICP-OES. The adsorption performance of Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ and Ag/Sn@CeO₂ toward CV dye was systematically evaluated by optimizing pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature. For CV dye removal, Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ achieved 96.08% removal compared with 89.22% for Ag/Sn@CeO₂ (10 mg L⁻¹ dye, 20 mg dose, pH 9, 298 K, 180 min). The maximum adsorption capacities, estimated from the Langmuir model, were 36.50 mg g⁻¹ and 28.77 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm alongside the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, consistent with chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface with multilayer dye uptake. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous (ΔG° < 0 at all studied temperatures). Furthermore, Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ demonstrated CO₂ adsorption capacity of 3.92 mmol g⁻¹ at 298 K and 900 mmHg, surpassing several reported clay-based adsorbents. These results confirmed that the mechanochemically engineered Mt-Ag/Sn@CeO₂ composite is an effective dual-function adsorbent with potential for simultaneous water and air remediation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan dr.taj@iub.edu.pk.",
    "Department of Physics, University of Taibah Madinah Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah Jeddah 21959 Saudi Arabia.",
    "Jubail Induustrial College Jubail Saudi Arabia.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China.",
    "Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia raalotaibi@ksu.edu.sa."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mobeen Ur Rehman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Usman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Babar Taj",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5343-6893"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amal Marzoqi Altowerqi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Khloud Al-Thubaiti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Merfat M Alsabban"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Alya Awad Alshahri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ismat Bibi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Francis Verpoort",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5184-5500"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Rajeh Alotaibi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/41y0qy658vtkb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07930j",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13679713",
  "id": "41y0qy658vtkb",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899232",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2210|Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222978759",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13679713?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13679713",
  "pmid": "42899232",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/41y0qy658vtkb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42899232",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899232"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13679713",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07930j"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Chemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Montmorillonite-supported Ag/Sn@CeO₂ via phyto-mechanochemical engineering: enhanced crystal violet adsorption and CO₂ capture.",
  "title_text": "Montmorillonite-supported Ag/Sn@CeO₂ via phyto-mechanochemical engineering: enhanced crystal violet adsorption and CO₂ capture.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/41y0qy658vtkb",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}