{
  "abstract": "The first few years of James Webb Space Telescope observations have identified previously undetected galaxies at $z>12$ and provided new constraints on galaxies at $z>8$. Many of these objects have stellar masses that are difficult to reconcile with $Λ$CDM, inferred from models not calibrated for the high-redshift Universe. This necessitates new, more astrophysically plausible stellar population models for estimating stellar masses of galaxies at cosmic dawn. We introduce a simple stellar population (SSP) library, Simple Stellar Populations with Temperature (SSPT), computed using a temperature-dependent stellar initial mass function and its implementation in the public code CIGALE. When used in a configuration designed for high-redshift galaxies that requires young stellar population ages, the new models predict stellar masses that are ~0.3-0.5 dex lower than estimates from similar CIGALE analyses using models calibrated to the local Universe, and nearly 2 dex lower than estimates from analyses using other codes and softer constraints on stellar ages. Application of these physically motivated stellar populations suggests that stellar masses of early star-forming galaxies are not in tension with $Λ$CDM, and that galaxy formation from virialized halos remains a reasonable hypothesis at the highest redshifts. The SSPT SSPs and their CIGALE implementation are released publicly.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.01595",
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Gibson B. Bowling"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles L. Steinhardt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lachlan J. Hobart"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carter Meyerhoff"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jackson Headon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christopher Cain"
    },
    {
      "name": "Timothy Carleton"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kevin S. Croker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hunter D. Sparks"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria J. Sanchez Rincon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maksymilian T. Malinski"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zachary Borowiak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Caleb S. Watson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rafael Ortiz III"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rogier A. Windhorst"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rolf A. Jansen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Seth H. Cohen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tanish Parida"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/437reks722p24.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.01595",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "437reks722p24",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01595",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.01595",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/437reks722p24.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:20:59Z",
      "native_id": "2611.01595",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01595"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Physically Motivated Stellar Populations for Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn with a Temperature-Dependent IMF",
  "title_text": "Physically Motivated Stellar Populations for Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn with a Temperature-Dependent IMF",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T15:20:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/437reks722p24",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}