{
  "abstract": "Generators of continuous-time quantum Markovian evolution, known as Lindblad operators, play a key role in the theory of open quantum systems. The question of how to define and characterize random Lindblad operators has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Purely dissipative random Lindbladians have been extensively studied using toolboxes of free probability and non-Hermitian random matrix theories, which helped to uncover a characteristic lemon-like spectral support. In this work, we focus on random Lindbladians with a Hamiltonian component. We analyze three ensembles of increasing complexity, designed to illustrate the joint effects of dissipative and Hamiltonian dynamics. While the first two allow for an exact analytic treatment with standard probabilistic and scalar-valued free-probability methods, the most general case requires the more general framework of operator-valued free probability. We explain how the spectral support changes with the relative Hamiltonian strength and the rank of the dissipative component and characterize the effect of Hamiltonian-induced spectral squeezing.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.19261",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mykhailo Hontarenko"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wojciech Tarnowski"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sergey Denisov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karol Życzkowski"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/438rjbjy3j941.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.19261",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "438rjbjy3j941",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19261",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.stat-mech"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.MP"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2613|Random Matrices and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222230308",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.19261",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/438rjbjy3j941.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:36:22Z",
      "native_id": "2610.19261",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19261"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math-ph",
      "subfield": "mathematical-physics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.stat-mech",
      "subfield": "statistical-nonlinear"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Beyond the lemon: Spectra of random Lindblad operators with a Hamiltonian component",
  "title_text": "Beyond the lemon: Spectra of random Lindblad operators with a Hamiltonian component",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:20:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/438rjbjy3j941",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}