{
  "abstract": "In this study, the chemical reduction technique was utilized to create a three-phase nanocomposite system including metallic copper (Cu0), cupric oxide (CuO, Cu2+), and cuprous oxide (Cu2O, Cu+) inside a single matrix in one step. The Cu–CuO/Cu2O nanocomposite NCs were analyzed by XRD, SEM, EDX, and FT-IR to study the structural and chemical properties. The XRD analysis elucidated the crystallinity of the Cu–CuO/Cu2O NPs, revealing multiple patterns of copper, including Cu, CuO, and Cu2O, with a mean particle size of 21.2 nm. SEM + EDX show the morphology of the Cu–CuO/Cu2O NCs with an average grain diameter ≈30 nm and a distribution range of 5–53 nm. The SEM images proved loading of the Cu–CuO/Cu2O NCs with the Oxytetracycline (OTC) drug. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was delivered with the Cu–CuO/Cu2O NCs for developing resistance against microbial pathogens. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the OTC@Cu–CuO/Cu2O NCs against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli was 62 µg mL−1 with an IC50 of 29.4 µg mL−1. While the minimum inhibitory concentration of OTC@Cu–CuO/Cu2O NPs against the Gram-positive bacteria Staph. aureus was 62 µg mL−1 with an IC50 of 21.8 µg mL−1. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration of OTC@Cu–CuO/Cu2O NCs versus Candida albicans was 250 µg mL−1, with an IC50 of 37.5 µg mL−1. It is therefore found that this study could be used in the formulation of nano@drug conjugates that serve as antimicrobial agents in various fields of medical and pharmaceutical research.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon Babylon Al Hillah Iraq",
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon Babylon Al Hillah Iraq",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon Babylon Al Hillah Iraq",
    "Department of Laser Physics, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon Babylon Al Hillah Iraq",
    "Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon Babylon Al Hillah Iraq"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Asmaa H. Hammadi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2228-1416"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Saba Abdulmunem Habeeb",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8044-7969"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Lena Fadhil Hamza",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7071-3442"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Amer Al-Nafiey",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9258-6760"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Rafal Al-Assaly"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/43j8b3axyr2hb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra06019f",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673698/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "43j8b3axyr2hb",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13673698",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Copper-based nanomaterials and applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222682065",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673698/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13673698",
  "pmid": "42890634",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/43j8b3axyr2hb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13673698",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13673698"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:32Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13673698",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra06019f"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Copper-based nanomaterials and applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Oxytetracycline loading onto Cu–CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites (NCs): structural characterization and enhanced antimicrobial activity",
  "title_text": "Oxytetracycline loading onto Cu–CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites (NCs): structural characterization and enhanced antimicrobial activity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:23:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/43j8b3axyr2hb",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}