{
  "abstract": "Background: Research in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is constrained by low prevalence, limited data sharing, and privacy regulations. Disease registries mitigate some of these barriers, yet the reuse of individual-level data remains challenging. Artificial intelligence– and regression-based synthetic data (SD) generation may offer a privacy-preserving solution, provided analytical validity is maintained. We aimed to validate SD derived from the Italian CIDP Registry using a published case–control study as a reference framework.\n\nMethods: We analyzed a matched case–control dataset including 195 CIDP cases and 195 controls to examine lifestyle and dietary factors associated with CIDP risk. SD were generated using sequential conditional models stratified by sex. Fidelity was assessed by comparing real and SD in terms of marginal distributions, data distinguishability (propensity score mean squared error), and preservation of associations with CIDP risk using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.\n\nResults: SD preserved the original case–control balance and sex distribution. Marginal distributions showed high concordance between real and SD, with minor smoothing in a small number of multi-level dietary variables. Distinguishability analyses indicated low separability between real and synthetic records. Univariable associations with CIDP risk were closely replicated, including the protective effects of higher fish and rice intake. Multivariable models demonstrated highly concordant effect estimates between datasets.\n\nConclusion: SD derived from the Italian CIDP Registry accurately reproduces key analytical properties of real-world data while preserving patient privacy. This approach enables reproducible and shareable CIDP research and may support future applications, including synthetic standard-of-care comparator cohorts and precision medicine–oriented investigations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova",
    "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa",
    "Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II",
    "Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino",
    "Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute",
    "Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova",
    "Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina",
    "Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova",
    "IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino",
    "Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo",
    "Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia",
    "Translational Neurophysiology Research Section, IRCCS Mondino Foundation",
    "Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome",
    "ASST Bergamo Ovest-Ospedale Treviglio",
    "Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, NeMO-Brescia Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Brescia",
    "Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital",
    "Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore",
    "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia",
    "Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Careggi",
    "Neurology Unit, University Hospital \"San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona\"",
    "UOC di Neurologia, Ospedale San Bassano",
    "UOC Neurologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia",
    "Unit of Neuroalgology, IRCCS Foundation 'Carlo Besta' Neurological Institute",
    "Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milan University",
    "Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome",
    "IRCCS Neuromed",
    "Servizio di Neurofisiopatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia",
    "Servizio di Neurofisiopatologia, Ospedale SS di Pescara",
    "Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital",
    "Neuroimmunology Laboratory and Neuroimmunology Research Section, IRCCS Mondino Foundation",
    "Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena",
    "Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma",
    "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico",
    "Neurologia-Stroke Unit, Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, ASST Ovest MI",
    "Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari",
    "Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Sassari",
    "Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital",
    "Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili",
    "Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare, ASL Napoli 1 Centro",
    "Neurology Unit Patologie Neurologiche e Specialistiche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 56,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alessio Signori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Erika Schirinzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fiore Manganelli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dario Cocito"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yuri Matteo Falzone"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Chiara Briani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Anna Mazzeo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Angelo Schenone"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Vincenzo Di Stefano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Cosentino"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Girolama Alessandra Marfia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Luana Benedetti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Marinella Carpo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Massimiliano Filosto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Luca Leonardi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Marco Luigetti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        18
      ],
      "name": "Sabrina Matà"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        19
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Piscosquito"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "Tiziana Rosso"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21
      ],
      "name": "Marta Lucchetta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gabriele Siciliano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        22,
        23
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Lauria Pinter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        24,
        25
      ],
      "name": "Maurizio Inghilleri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        26
      ],
      "name": "Teresa Anna Cantisani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        27
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Notturno"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        28
      ],
      "name": "Dario Ricciardi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        28
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Habetswallner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        29
      ],
      "name": "Elisa Vegezzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        30
      ],
      "name": "Federica Ginanneschi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        31,
        32
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Todisco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        33
      ],
      "name": "Roberta Brusa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        34
      ],
      "name": "Stefano Sotgiu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        35
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Solla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        36
      ],
      "name": "Alberto De Lorenzo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        36
      ],
      "name": "Claudia Lozi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Alessandro Salvalaggio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Adele Ratti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Luca Gentile"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Giorgia Mataluni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Filippo Brighina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Barbara Risi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        37
      ],
      "name": "Loris Poli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Forcina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Vitali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        24
      ],
      "name": "Federica Moret"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fabrizio Canale"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        38
      ],
      "name": "Emanuele Cassano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        22
      ],
      "name": "Eleonora Dalla Bella"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        30
      ],
      "name": "Stefania Casali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        31,
        32
      ],
      "name": "Vincenzo Di Lazzaro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        33
      ],
      "name": "Alessandro Cesare Prelle"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        34
      ],
      "name": "Alessandra Carta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        39
      ],
      "name": "Filippo De Mattei"
    },
    {
      "name": "Giuseppe De Biasi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        36
      ],
      "name": "Eduardo Nobile-Orazio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        36
      ],
      "name": "Pietro Emiliano Doneddu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4599f8v62xfd1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1839538",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710087/",
  "id": "4599f8v62xfd1",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1839538/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221649081",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1839538/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710087",
  "pmid": "42947862",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4599f8v62xfd1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1839538",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1839538/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:07Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710087",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1839538"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Privacy-preserving synthetic data from a national CIDP registry: validation against real-world evidence",
  "title_text": "Privacy-preserving synthetic data from a national CIDP registry: validation against real-world evidence",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4599f8v62xfd1",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Neurology",
  "versions": []
}