{
  "abstract": "Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, many people with HIV (PWH) retain chronic interferon-associated immune dysregulation. Observational data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study linked asymptomatic mycobacterial exposure to lower viral set points, reduced interferon-associated activity, and attenuated HIV-specific antibody responses, a pattern sharing features with HIV elite controllers and natural hosts of primate lentiviruses. We therefore examined whether Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination could induce a related immune configuration in ART-treated PWH. Using longitudinal systems-level profiling within the BELIEVE trial, we found that BCG reduced constitutive NK cell IFN-{gamma} production and PBMC-mediated direct cytotoxicity without impairing inducible cytokine responses or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Multiomic and proteomic analyses showed reduced interferon- and activation-associated programs, while adaptive immune parameters remained largely stable and follow-up revealed no obvious adverse clinical pattern. This configuration, reduced baseline interferon activity coexisting with preserved Fc-dependent effector function, shares selected features with immune states described in natural lentiviral control and provides a rationale for testing BCG in combination with antibody-based HIV interventions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University Hospital Zurich"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "C. Dolle"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. K. Tutumlu"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Bartl"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Depouilly"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Russenberger"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Zeeb"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Kusejko"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. West"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. L. Braun"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Schwarzmüller"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Elie"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Trkola"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. F. Günthard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "J. Nemeth"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/47v8y5zng84y7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.08.28.26361620",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.28.26361620v1.full",
  "id": "47v8y5zng84y7",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.28.26361620v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "hiv aids"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7206198155",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.28.26361620v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/47v8y5zng84y7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.08.28.26361620",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.28.26361620v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:hiv aids",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "BCG vaccination recalibrates innate immunity in ART-treated people with HIV",
  "title_text": "BCG vaccination recalibrates innate immunity in ART-treated people with HIV",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/47v8y5zng84y7",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}