{
  "abstract": "Background: This study examined the association between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring vitamin D levels.\n\nMethods: In this retrospective cohort study, 0–5-year-old children attending routine health checks at 12 centres across 10 cities in Jiangsu Province (April 2014–March 2015) were enrolled via stratified random cluster sampling. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by ELISA.\n\nResults: Among 1,984 mother–offspring pairs, GWG ≤10 kg was associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) in the unadjusted model ( OR = 1.550, 95% CI : 1.196–2.008), and this association remained significant in Model 1 ( OR = 1.820, 95% CI : 1.357–2.441), Model 2 ( OR = 1.545, 95% CI : 1.060–2.253), and Model 3 ( OR = 1.882, 95% CI : 1.228–2.883). For vitamin D insufficiency (50–<75 nmol/L), GWG >19 kg was associated with an increased risk in the unadjusted model ( OR = 1.309, 95% CI : 1.026–1.670) and in Model 1 ( OR = 1.312, 95% CI : 1.021–1.685), Model 2 ( OR = 1.872, 95% CI : 1.305–2.684), and Model 3 ( OR = 1.609, 95% CI : 1.054–2.456). This association was statistically significant in Model 3 but was no longer significant after FDR correction.\n\nConclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first multicentre study to report an association between GWG ≤10 kg and an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in offspring, and between GWG >19 kg and an increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency. However, the latter association did not remain significant after FDR correction in sensitivity analyses based on Model 3 and requires confirmation in further studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University",
    "Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University",
    "Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University",
    "Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI",
    "Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Institute",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Xinghua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Dafeng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Drum Tower Maternity and Child Health Care Institute",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Kunshan Maternity and Child Health Care Institute",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Huai’an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Jiangning Maternity and Child Health Care Institute",
    "Department of Child Health Care, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Women and Child Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yan Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Qian Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hong Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Wen Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yufei Ni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Aiping Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Kan Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Xinye Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Guoqin Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Yelin Bao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Guoqiang Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Li Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Hongxia Qi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Heyun Lv"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Rui Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hong Cao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/489f6mvtyva44.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1936050",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686902",
  "id": "489f6mvtyva44",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2392"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1936050/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2729|Gestational Diabetes Research and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221003033",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686902?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13686902",
  "pmid": "42922897",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/489f6mvtyva44.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:20Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1936050",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1936050/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42922897",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42922897"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2729|Gestational Diabetes Research and Management",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring vitamin D level: a multicentre retrospective cohort study",
  "title_text": "Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring vitamin D level: a multicentre retrospective cohort study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/489f6mvtyva44",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Endocrinology",
  "versions": []
}