{
  "abstract": "Objective: To clarify institutional perspectives on assisted reproductive technology (ART) using third‐party gametes.\n\nMethods: We surveyed 634 facilities registered with the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 416 responses were included in a descriptive analysis.\n\nResults: Psychosocial and economic stability of ART recipient couples were considered necessary in most facilities (94.6%). Japanese nationality and legal marriage were necessary recipient criteria in 36.8% and 54.3% facilities, respectively. Lower and upper age limits for female recipients were 20–25 and 43–45 years, respectively, whereas most male partners had no upper age limit (34.6%–36.6%). The most common upper age limit for oocyte donors was 35 years (67.9%). In contrast, upper age limits for sperm donors were more dispersed, with 40 years being the most common age at response to intrauterine insemination (35.6%) and in vitro fertilization (35.9%). The most accepted indications were hypergonadotropic hypogonadism for oocyte donation (87.5%) and failure to retrieve sperm via micro‐testicular sperm extraction for donor sperm treatment (97.3%). Most facilities considered psychosocial support necessary.\n\nConclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of institutional perspectives on third‐party ART in Japan. Although facilities showed substantial agreement on core principles, their views on specific eligibility and operational criteria varied.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Osaka Osaka Japan",
    "Kinutani Women's Clinic Hiroshima Japan",
    "International Center for Reproductive Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center Saitama Japan",
    "Department of Psychological and Sociological Studies, School of Cultural and Social Studies Tokai University Tokyo Japan",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Yamaguchi Japan",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki City Japan",
    "Department of Urology Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital Urayasu Japan",
    "Haneda Clinic, Reproduction Center Fujita Health University Tokyo Japan",
    "Department of Legal Medicine Toho University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan",
    "Center for Maternal‐Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan",
    "Teikyo Academic Research Center Teikyo University Tokyo Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nozomi Takahashi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3685-3502"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Miyuki Harada",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1071-5600"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hiroshi Koike",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1706-2155"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuma Kawahara",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-5886-151X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yasuji Kitabatake",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2907-9512"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Masayuki Kinutani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tomoe Koizumi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Maki Suganuma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Norihiro Sugino",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8874-7931"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Nao Suzuki",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7440-8127"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Akira Tsujimura",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3821-5184"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Toshio Hamatani",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-1885-069X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Naoki Mizunuma",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-4691-2317"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Seiji Wada",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8654-6623"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yasushi Hirota",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0241-9780"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Yutaka Osuga",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6660-1066"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/48hkjb0jw5gfg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/rmb2.70108",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732116/",
  "id": "48hkjb0jw5gfg",
  "issns": [
    "1445-5781",
    "1447-0578"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.70108",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2743|Reproductive Health and Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225258699",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rmb2.70108",
  "pmcid": "PMC13732116",
  "pmid": "42985477",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/48hkjb0jw5gfg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:09Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732116",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.70108"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2743|Reproductive Health and Technologies",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Institutional Perspectives on Assisted Reproductive Technology Using Third‐Party Gametes in Japan: A Nationwide Survey of Assisted Reproductive Technology Facilities",
  "title_text": "Institutional Perspectives on Assisted Reproductive Technology Using Third‐Party Gametes in Japan: A Nationwide Survey of Assisted Reproductive Technology Facilities",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/48hkjb0jw5gfg",
  "venue": "Reproductive Medicine and Biology",
  "versions": []
}