{
  "abstract": "Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate how functional recovery, measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE), is associated with quality of life (QOL) as measured by the Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) survey in adults with moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI). We aim to better understand this nuanced relationship to guide more individualized and effective rehabilitation planning.\n\nMethods: This study enrolled 138 adults aged 18 to 65 years with a history of msTBI one-year post-injury. Functional recovery was assessed using the GOSE score, administered face-to-face by a single trained investigator. Health-related QOL was evaluated using the QOLIBRI across six domains: Emotion, Feeling, Independence, Physical, Social, and Thinking. A mixed effects model using participant as the primary random effect and estimated marginal trends were calculated to examine the relationship between GOSE scores and QOLIBRI outcomes.\n\nResults: GOSE score alone is not significantly associated with QOL. Estimated marginal trends showed that higher GOSE scores were strongly associated with better QOL in the Independence ( p < 0.001), Thinking ( p < 0.001), and Physical ( p = 0.019) domains. A weak, non-significant association was observed with the Feelings domain. No significant association was found between GOSE scores and the Social domain.\n\nConclusion: Functional recovery after TBI is most closely related to independence, cognitive, and physical QOL but does not adequately reflect social or emotional well-being. These psychosocial domains may require targeted intervention and further emphasizes the importance of incorporating patient-reported QOL measures to more holistically assess recovery.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine",
    "Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine",
    "High Point University",
    "Carilion Clinic Brain Injury Center"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ramzi Badra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Brooke Scardina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mason Nelson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Varun Mishra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Taylor P. van Doren"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Melissa Martinez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Justin L. Weppner"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/48xtbmpy0g25y.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1871168",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "48xtbmpy0g25y",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1871168/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Traumatic Brain Injury Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223796157",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1871168/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/48xtbmpy0g25y.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1871168",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1871168/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Traumatic Brain Injury Research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Functional recovery and domain-specific quality of life after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a mixed-effects analysis",
  "title_text": "Functional recovery and domain-specific quality of life after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a mixed-effects analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/48xtbmpy0g25y",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Neurology",
  "versions": []
}