{
  "abstract": "FINDING: Icosahedral viral capsids and Penrose tilings share a common mathematical root — the A5 (icosahedral) rotation group — which forbids periodic crystallinity yet permits quasiperiodic order via 5-fold symmetry breaking of translational invariance. | MATH: Icosahedral rotation group A5 ≅ PSL(2,5), order 60; conjugacy classes: 1 (identity), 15 (2-fold, order 2), 20 (3-fold, order 3), 12 (5-fold, order 5), 12 (5-fold², order 5) — simplicity of A5 proven via no nontrivial normal subgroups. Caspar-Klug triangulation number T = h² + hk + k² (h,k ≥ 0 integers) — encodes capsid geometry; Viral Tiling Theory extends to pentamer-only capsids, requiring generalized tiling rules beyond CK. Penrose tiling: 5-fold diffraction pattern with Bragg peaks at positions governed by golden ratio τ = (1+√5)/2 ≈ 1.618; inflation/deflation factor τ² = 2.618; vertex density ratio yields 1/τ² ≈ 0.382. | CONNECTION: Direct — A5 is the symmetry group of both icosahedron and Penrose tiling's local isomorphis\n\nAuthor: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Independent Researcher, United Kingdom"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Stewart Caldin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/496bbhrqj2gkk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23526435",
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  "id": "496bbhrqj2gkk",
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  "landing_url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23526435",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/496bbhrqj2gkk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:48Z",
      "native_id": "23526435",
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  "subjects": [],
  "title": "A5 Symmetry Unites Viral Capsids and Penrose Tilings — E8 Intelligence Research",
  "title_text": "A5 Symmetry Unites Viral Capsids and Penrose Tilings — E8 Intelligence Research",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/496bbhrqj2gkk",
  "venue": "Zenodo",
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}