{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nAntimicrobial resistance is a major One Health challenge affecting human, animal, and environmental health. Poultry production systems may contribute to the maintenance and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales through interactions among animals and their environment. Conventional analytical approaches may have limited capacity to characterize the complexity of phenotypic resistance profiles. This study aimed to characterize phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns and explore resistance clustering among Enterobacterales isolated from turkeys and their production environment in Lima, Peru.Methods\n\nA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using Enterobacterales recovered from cloacal swabs and environmental samples collected in a small-scale poultry production system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method; intermediate results were classified as susceptible for analytical purposes. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) combined with k-means clustering was applied to explore the multivariate structure of phenotypic resistance profiles.Results\n\nA total of 50 Enterobacterales isolates were recovered from cloacal swabs (n = 38; 76.0%) and environmental samples (n = 12; 24.0%). Predominant species included Escherichia coli (n = 39; 78.0%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (n = 7; 14.0%) and Citrobacter spp. (n = 4; 8.0%). All isolates were classified as MDR. The most frequent resistance profile included kanamycin, tetracycline, neomycin, cefuroxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. One E. coli isolate exhibited resistance to 18 antimicrobials, while a Citrobacter spp. isolate recovered from the environment showed resistance to 17 antimicrobials, including imipenem. MCA revealed a structured distribution of resistance phenotypes, with the first two dimensions explaining 45.3% of the total inertia and identifying three clusters with distinct resistance spectra. One cluster contained all carbapenem-resistant isolates and exhibited the broadest resistance profile.Discussion\n\nThese findings highlight the circulation of heterogeneous MDR populations and support surveillance strategies in poultry production environments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , ,",
    "One Health Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada del Norte , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alex Yauyo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alejandra Castro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Brenda Ayzanoa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marcelo Cardenas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Guillermo Salvatierra"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4a3etedav476t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fvets.2026.1935777",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717441/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4a3etedav476t",
  "issns": [
    "2297-1769"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717441",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1313|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221945726",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717441/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717441",
  "pmid": "42959667",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4a3etedav476t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13717441",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717441"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959667",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959667"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717441",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1935777"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1313|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance structure among Enterobacterales circulating at the turkey–environment interface in a small-scale poultry production system",
  "title_text": "Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance structure among Enterobacterales circulating at the turkey–environment interface in a small-scale poultry production system",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4a3etedav476t",
  "venue": "Frontiers in veterinary science",
  "versions": []
}