{
  "abstract": "Male urethral disorders, in particular hypospadias and urethral stricture, frequently require reconstructive surgery. However, current autologous grafts fail to replicate the supportive bed provided by the corpus spongiosum, contributing to high recurrence rates. Developing functional, off-the-shelf tissue-engineered replacements requires a comprehensive understanding of urethral mechanics, which remains fragmented in the literature. Here, we review and integrate diverse methodologies—including ex vivo mechanical testing, mathematical modelling, and in situ clinical assessments—to elucidate the complex, anisotropic, and viscoelastic properties of the male urethra. This multidimensional approach highlights physiological pressure ranges, tissue compliance, and biomechanical behaviour under dynamic conditions, stressing urethral mechanics' location- and orientation-dependency. We provide standardised mechanical guidelines and modelling frameworks that can guide the design of biomimetic urethral grafts. Ultimately, this work advances the understanding of urethral mechanics, informing regenerative medicine strategies aimed at improving long-term outcomes for patients with urethral disorders.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology, Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3584 CT",
    "Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg, Denmark, 9220",
    "Faculty of Medicine",
    "Aalborg University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Isabelle Martinier",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-1021-0935"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaxin Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Laetitia de Kort"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wouter van Dort"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jesper de Claville Christiansen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Cristian Pablo Pennisi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Petra de Graaf"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4a3z8tgv69qh5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008152/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4a3z8tgv69qh5",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008152/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2748|Urological Disorders and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204949361",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008152/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4a3z8tgv69qh5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008152",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008152/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2748|Urological Disorders and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Understanding male urethral mechanics: from ex vivo testing to mathematical modelling and in situ assessment, a review.",
  "title_text": "Understanding male urethral mechanics: from ex vivo testing to mathematical modelling and in situ assessment, a review.",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4a3z8tgv69qh5",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}