{
  "abstract": "Tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) are invasive-front histopathological features associated with aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma. We evaluated their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS), including whether observed survival associations persisted after adjustment for established prognostic factors. TB and PDC were assessed in 101 surgically resected colorectal adenocarcinomas. Associations with clinicopathological variables were examined, and OS was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression. Because of the limited number of deaths, TB and PDC were evaluated in separate multivariable models adjusted for age, pathological stage, and histologic grade. High TB was associated with poor differentiation (P = .006) and lymphovascular invasion (P = .008). High TB showed shorter OS than low/intermediate TB, but the difference was not statistically significant (log-rank P = .083; univariable hazard ratio [HR] = 1.958; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.903–4.247; P = .089). High TB was not independently associated with OS after adjustment (adjusted HR = 1.528; 95% CI = 0.633–3.689; P = .346). Intermediate/high PDC was associated with poorer OS on Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = .017) and univariable Cox regression (HR = 2.424; 95% CI = 1.144–5.136; P = .021), but the association was attenuated after adjustment (adjusted HR = 1.661; 95% CI = 0.733–3.762; P = .224). TB and PDC were associated with adverse tumor characteristics. High TB showed a nonsignificant trend toward poorer OS, whereas intermediate/high PDC was associated with poorer OS in unadjusted analyses but not after multivariable adjustment. Their independent prognostic value for OS could not be demonstrated in this cohort.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pathology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey",
    "Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey",
    "Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mehmet Doğan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8806-0400"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ayça Dilşad Çağlayan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8644-0765"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Adem Çağlayan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5150-1479"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mustafa Tahtacı",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4046-3715"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hayriye Tatlı Doğan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4318-2775"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4ag6pc8knj8fc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000051394",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727245/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4ag6pc8knj8fc",
  "issns": [
    "0304-5412",
    "1536-5964",
    "0025-7974"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727245",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "4100"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Observational Study"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727245/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13727245",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Health",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4ag6pc8knj8fc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13727245",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727245"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:23:22Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13727245",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051394"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prognostic significance of tumor budding and poorly differentiated clusters in colorectal cancer : A retrospective study",
  "title_text": "Prognostic significance of tumor budding and poorly differentiated clusters in colorectal cancer : A retrospective study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:23:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4ag6pc8knj8fc",
  "venue": "Medicine",
  "versions": []
}