{
  "abstract": "Objectives: Whether habitual salt consumption is related to vasomotor symptoms (VMS) during the menopausal transition has received little attention. We investigated the relationship of salt-related eating behaviors with bothersome VMS over time and explored whether body composition modified this relationship. Methods: We analyzed repeated observations from 3664 Korean women who entered the cohort between 2014 and 2018 and were followed until July 2024. A three-item questionnaire was used to generate a salt intake habit score, which was divided into tertiles. Bothersome VMS across repeated visits were analyzed using logistic mixed-effects models with inverse probability weighting, and effect modification by adiposity was explored. Results: At enrollment, mean age was 45.6 years; among women with repeated assessments, the median observation period was 5.6 years. Relative to the lowest salt intake tertile, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for bothersome VMS were 1.48 (1.22–1.80) in the middle tertile and 1.51 (1.20–1.89) in the highest tertile. The association appeared stronger among women with percentage body fat ≥35% (p for interaction = 0.032), although the interaction did not reach the Bonferroni-corrected threshold (p < 0.0167). Conclusions: Saltier eating habits were related to a greater likelihood of bothersome VMS during follow-up. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating, and whether reducing salt consumption also decreases VMS warrants testing in intervention studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Center for Cohort Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea",
    "Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea",
    "Office of Policy Research, National Food Safety Information Service, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea",
    "Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yoonyoung Jang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8534-2127"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Soo Min Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6822-9050"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sujeong Shin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jeonggyu Kang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3516-2822"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yoosun Cho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yoosoo Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6945-9050"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Seungho Ryu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4be9jazzq0z8f.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18213618",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4be9jazzq0z8f",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3618",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4be9jazzq0z8f.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T00:26:35Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18213618",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3618"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6643",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association Between Salt Intake Habits and Vasomotor Symptoms According to Adiposity Among Middle-Aged Korean Women: A Longitudinal Cohort Study",
  "title_text": "Association Between Salt Intake Habits and Vasomotor Symptoms According to Adiposity Among Middle-Aged Korean Women: A Longitudinal Cohort Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T00:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4be9jazzq0z8f",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}