{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nAssessment of the efficacy of early urotherapy for severe intolerable NE before the age of 5 years was the main objective.Material and methods\n\nA total of 120 children, aged between 4 and 4.5 years, with intolerable NE (bedwetting ≥5 nights/ week) were included in our study. They were randomized into group A (early urotherapy regularly until age 5.5 years) and group B (deferred urotherapy started at age 5 years for 6 months). Only 107 (54 in group A, 53 in group B) were interviewed twice, at the age of 5 and 5.5 years, to determine treatment response, categorized as complete response (100% reduction), ≥90%, 50-89%, or <50% reduction in bedwetting during the preceding month. Parental adherence to urotherapy was evaluated using a structured 7-day diary and adherence checklist. In addition, their distress was evaluated and followed up using general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) score.Results\n\nComplete response through the last month was significantly higher in group A than group B at 5-year-old or 5.5-year-old visits (12 vs 6, 25 vs 10 children, respectively, p <0.05). Also, <50% reduction of bedwetting was significantly higher in group B than in group A in both visits (32 vs 27 and 23 vs 9 children, respectively, p <0.05). Both groups showed comparable levels of adherence to their protocol. CHQ-12 scores were significantly lower in group A than in B at the first visit, while no difference was observed at the second visit.Conclusions\n\nEarly urotherapy in children with intolerable nocturnal enuresis could enhance rapid recovery and reduce psychological distress.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology, Kasr Alainy Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Aboelresh Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.",
    "Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed M Rammah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Abdelghani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shrouk M Abdalla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Y Abdelaziz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Sharawy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Kishk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Salah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed H Abozamel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hesham Torad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mahmoud S ElAdawy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hossam Skaker"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hesham Ibrahim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4cwg7ccapc086.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5173/ceju.2025.0332",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682539",
  "id": "4cwg7ccapc086",
  "issns": [
    "2080-4806",
    "2080-4873"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903941",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2748|Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204916704",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682539?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13682539",
  "pmid": "42903941",
  "published": "2026-07-17",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4cwg7ccapc086.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42903941",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903941"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2748|Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The efficacy of early urotherapy for severe intolerable nocturnal enuresis before the age of 5 years: A prospective randomized trial.",
  "title_text": "The efficacy of early urotherapy for severe intolerable nocturnal enuresis before the age of 5 years: A prospective randomized trial.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4cwg7ccapc086",
  "venue": "Central European journal of urology",
  "versions": []
}