{
  "abstract": "Handgrip strength is an objective measure of muscular strength, while motor self-efficacy is associated with motor performance. Both constructs are conceptually related to perceived physical literacy, which reflects children’s self-perceptions in domains connected to participation in physical activity. To analyze the moderating role of handgrip strength between motor self-efficacy and perceived physical literacy in children and adolescents. A quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. Participants aged 10–17 years ( N = 1054) were recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Handgrip strength was assessed using hand-held dynamometry, motor self-efficacy was measured using the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale, and perceived physical literacy was evaluated using the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument for Adolescents (S-PPLI). Group differences were tested using Mann–Whitney U and mediation and moderation models were estimated using nonparametric bootstrapping (5,000 resamples). Boys showed significantly higher scores than girls in handgrip strength, motor self-efficacy, and all dimensions of perceived physical literacy. Secondary students also presented higher handgrip strength than primary students. Moderation analyses revealed that the interaction term (motor self-efficacy × handgrip strength) was significant across all dimensions ( p < .001). The association between motor self-efficacy and perceived physical literacy was stronger at higher levels of handgrip strength. Handgrip strength acts as a moderating factor that strengthens the relationship between motor self-efficacy and perceived physical literacy, suggesting that objective measures of muscular strength may provide complementary information when examining perceived physical literacy in educational contexts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Antonio Castillo-Paredes"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carmen Galán-Arroyo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jorge Rojo-Ramos"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4e4rnrw1n0zmq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73898-6",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4e4rnrw1n0zmq",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73898-6",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3204|Children's Physical and Motor Development"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222539058",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73898-6_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4e4rnrw1n0zmq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73898-6",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73898-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Handgrip strength as a moderating variable in the relationship between motor self-efficacy and perceived physical literacy in school physical education",
  "title_text": "Handgrip strength as a moderating variable in the relationship between motor self-efficacy and perceived physical literacy in school physical education",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4e4rnrw1n0zmq",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}