{
  "abstract": "The dipotassium salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQK₂) is a promising nutraceutical with superior stability compared to its free acid, yet the influence of its solid-state form on solubility and particle morphology has not been explored. In this study, we report a systematic investigation on controlling the micro/nano morphology and water solubility of PQQK₂ through crystalline form modification. Four different kinds of crystal forms of PQQK₂, as indicated by powder X-ray diffraction patterns, are successfully obtained by simply controlling the addition of different kinds of poor solvent. These crystal forms exhibit four distinct nano/microscale morphological features including plate-like, prismatic, and strip-like crystals with ultra-long and varying lengths. Notably, the water solubility of PQQK₂ varies significantly depending on the specific crystal form and morphology, which influences the effective surface area exposed to the water. This study provides, for the first time, a rational crystal engineering approach for tuning the physicochemical properties of PQQK₂, offering valuable guidance for its formulation into high-performance dietary supplements and pharmaceutical preparations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Simulation Training and Training Technology Innovation, General Administration of Sport of China, Shandong Institute of Sport Science, Jinan 250102, China",
    "Shandong Nutri-Force Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinjian Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiahui Kong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenxiu An"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chengfa Cai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ronghua Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Qian Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xu Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yi Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhide Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4eb6vbajkh1mb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/cryst16100636",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/16/10/636",
  "id": "4eb6vbajkh1mb",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4352"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16100636",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QD901-999"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Crystallization and Solubility Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220392938",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4eb6vbajkh1mb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "008d92f01a89482b93d32c775039a14f",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16100636"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Crystallization and Solubility Studies",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Controlling Micro/Nano Morphology and Water Solubility of Dipotassium Pyrroloquinoline Quinone via Crystal Form Modification",
  "title_text": "Controlling Micro/Nano Morphology and Water Solubility of Dipotassium Pyrroloquinoline Quinone via Crystal Form Modification",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4eb6vbajkh1mb",
  "venue": "Crystals",
  "versions": []
}