{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nVaccination intentions reflect both vaccine-specific attitudes and cognitive, social, and practical conditions. This study aimed to identify shared and vaccine-specific factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions among adults in Poland using a Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model-informed comparative approach and to assess the incremental contribution of vaccine hesitancy.Methods\n\nA cross-sectional computer-assisted web survey was conducted in May 2026 among 3,000 adults recruited from a national online panel using quota controls for age, sex, education, place of residence, and macroregion. Measures included a COM-B-informed item set, the Polish Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the short version of European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, and sociodemographic, health-related, political, religious, and social media variables. The item set was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in independent subsamples, followed by theory-ordered hierarchical logistic regression, post hoc, and sensitivity analyses.Results\n\nIntention was reported by 18.2% of respondents for COVID-19 vaccination and 31.5% for influenza vaccination. Psychometric analyses supported retention of three theory-defined COM-B domain indicators, although Capability and Opportunity showed limited empirical separation. Capability was positively associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions (OR = 1.31 and 1.74, respectively), as was Motivation (OR = 2.64 and 1.56). Opportunity showed inverse adjusted associations (OR = 0.72 and 0.73). Vaccine hesitancy added explanatory value in both models and showed a nonlinear association with influenza intention. Political preference showed a vaccine-specific pattern: compared with supporters of Law and Justice, supporters of the far-right Confederation party had lower odds of COVID-19 vaccination intention (OR = 0.50), whereas no corresponding association was observed for influenza vaccination intention. Non-participation in the 2023 parliamentary election was associated with lower odds of both intentions. Nagelkerke R ² values were 0.387 and 0.392, and apparent discrimination was good (AUC = 0.857 and 0.833).Conclusion\n\nThe shared pattern across outcomes supports COM-B as an organizing framework, while the incremental contribution of hesitancy and differences in political and health-related correlates demonstrate the vaccine-specific context of vaccination intentions. COVID-19 intention remained more politically differentiated. Vaccination-promotion strategies should combine behavioral diagnosis with attention to the political context of each vaccine.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mariusz Duplaga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Magdalena Sikorska"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4ej70bbcxe7yh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1961701",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13680461",
  "id": "4ej70bbcxe7yh",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903207",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3306|Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213758414",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13680461?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13680461",
  "pmid": "42903207",
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4ej70bbcxe7yh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42903207",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903207"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1961701",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1961701/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2296-2565",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Shared and vaccine-specific factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions among adults in Poland: a COM-B-informed cross-sectional study.",
  "title_text": "Shared and vaccine-specific factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions among adults in Poland: a COM-B-informed cross-sectional study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4ej70bbcxe7yh",
  "venue": "Frontiers in public health",
  "versions": []
}