{
  "abstract": "Background: Climate-related exposures increasingly affect workers, especially in outdoor and heat-exposed occupations, but the overall burden across sectors has not been quantified. This study examined associations between temperature extremes, air pollution, wildfire smoke, extreme weather, vector-related exposures and occupational health outcomes.\n\nMethods: A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines, searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science for studies published from January 2000 to March 2026. Eligible studies reported quantitative associations between climate-related exposures and occupational health outcomes. Random-effects models pooled relative risks and incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed with I², risk of bias with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and GRADE.\n\nResults: Thirty-seven studies, including 4.2 million workers from 28 countries, were included. Occupational injury risk increased by 34% (95% CI:1.21–1.48) per 5 °C rise above regional heat thresholds. Agricultural workers had the highest heat-related mortality (RR 2.15, 95% CI:1.67–2.78) and increased renal dysfunction. Construction injuries rose by 18% during extreme heat events (95% CI:12–24%), while emergency responders had higher cardiovascular risk during wildfire smoke exposure (RR 1.42, 95% CI:1.18–1.71). Forestry workers in expanding transmission zones showed a 2.3-fold increase in vector-borne disease risk. Heterogeneity was substantial (I²=76%), was partly associated with protective equipment access, acclimatisation, and regulatory enforcement.\n\nConclusions: Climate-related exposures are associated with higher occupational risk across sectors, with the greatest burden among outdoor and precariously employed workers. The findings support heat prevention plans, climate-informed exposure standards and stronger occupational surveillance. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of mitigation across settings.\n\nKey messages: • The impacts of climate change on worker morbidity, mortality, and injury patterns, addressing critical gaps and informing public health adaptation strategies.\n\n• Need for public health policy to focus on vulnerable worker populations by implementing adaptive workplace standards, cooling interventions, and climate-resilient occupational health infrastructure.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "abstract",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "I Adamopoulos"
    },
    {
      "name": "A Vafae Eslahi"
    },
    {
      "name": "A Frantzana"
    },
    {
      "name": "P Tsirkas"
    },
    {
      "name": "M Olfatifar"
    },
    {
      "name": "M Badri"
    },
    {
      "name": "A Valamontes"
    },
    {
      "name": "N Syrou"
    },
    {
      "name": "N Karanikas"
    },
    {
      "name": "FJG Silva"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4fwfjj3hjjqae.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1171",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13698436/",
  "id": "4fwfjj3hjjqae",
  "issns": [
    "1101-1262",
    "1464-360X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1171",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "6. Poster Displays"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00860"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SOC01210"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SOC02610"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "DD. Climate Resilience, Equity, and Innovation in Public Health"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Climate Change and Health Impacts"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223673356",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13698436/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13698436",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4fwfjj3hjjqae.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:19Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13698436",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1171"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13698436",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13698436"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Climate Change and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Occupational Safety and Health in Climate Change Epidemiology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis",
  "title_text": "Occupational Safety and Health in Climate Change Epidemiology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4fwfjj3hjjqae",
  "venue": "The European Journal of Public Health",
  "versions": []
}