{
  "abstract": "microglia/macrophages associated with lesion expansion in secondary progressive MS. Using integrated lipidomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, chemical proteomic and histological analyses of human postmortem MS lesions, we show that lesions containing foamy microglia/macrophages exhibit disrupted lipid metabolism, lysosomal stress and markers associated with heightened phagocytosis and antigen presentation without classical pro-inflammatory signatures. These lesions are enriched for oxylipins, bismonoacylglycerolphosphates and cholesterol esters, and are associated with increased B cell infiltration and IgG1. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a lipid-metabolizing enzyme enriched in lesions with foamy microglia/macrophages, emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Inhibition of MAGL promoted lesion recovery and reduced microgliosis in a mouse model of demyelination. Finally, oxylipins in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with the proportion of foamy lesions, suggesting potential biomarkers for progression. Our findings implicate disturbed lipid metabolism in chronic MS pathology and suggest that foamy microglia/macrophages are an interesting cell type to target for progressive disease.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands",
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands",
    "Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands",
    "Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands",
    "Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland",
    "Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands",
    "Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands",
    "The Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands",
    "Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands",
    "Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands",
    "Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. i.huitinga@nin.knaw.nl",
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. i.huitinga@nin.knaw.nl",
    "The Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. i.huitinga@nin.knaw.nl",
    "Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands. m.van.der.stelt@chem.leidenuniv.nl"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 29,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Daan van der Vliet",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7317-9679"
    },
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      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinyu Di",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2785-9320"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tatiana M. Shamorkina",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4191-6061"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Claire Coulon-Bainier",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8895-4877"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Anto Pavlovic",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-9395-6740"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Iris A. C. M. van der Vliet"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yingyu Zeng",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-8273-9699"
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        4
      ],
      "name": "Will Macnair",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6357-0834"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Noëlle van Egmond",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6592-1562"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "J.Q. Alida Chen",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-2296-2396"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aletta M. R. van den Bosch",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8886-8928"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hendrik J. Engelenburg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3766-3241"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dennis Wever",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0801-4453"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Matthew R. J. Mason",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1743-5532"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wouter P. F. Driever",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9250-0381"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Berend Gagestein",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0993-6812"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Elise Dusseldorp",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6305-4060"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Marco van Eijk",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7751-4112"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Uwe Grether",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3164-9270"
    },
    {
      "name": "The Netherlands Brain Bank"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aletta M. R. van den Bosch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Mignon de Goeij"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Annemieke J.M. Rozemüller",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2528-4428"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Amy C. Harms",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2931-4295"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Hankemeier",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7871-2073"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ludovic Collin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6313-3244"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Albert J. R. Heck",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2405-4404"
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    {
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        10,
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Inge Huitinga",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4878-8920"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Mario van der Stelt",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1029-5717"
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gczdnz2nbanj.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1038/s41593-026-02302-3",
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    "1546-1726"
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  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
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  "pmcid": "PMC13337515",
  "pmid": "42168651",
  "published": "2026-05-21",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gczdnz2nbanj.ris",
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  "title": "Foamy microglia link oxylipins to disease progression in multiple sclerosis",
  "title_text": "Foamy microglia link oxylipins to disease progression in multiple sclerosis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gczdnz2nbanj",
  "venue": "Nature Neuroscience",
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